Abstract
A robust worldwide air-transportation network (WAN) is one that
minimizes the number of stranded passengers under a sequence of airport
closures. Building on top of this realistic example, here we address how
spatial network robustness can profit from cooperation between local
actors. We swap a series of links within a certain distance, a
cooperation range, while following typical constraints of spatially
embedded networks. We find that the network robustness is only improved
above a critical cooperation range. Such improvement can be described in
the framework of a continuum transition, where the critical exponents
depend on the spatial correlation of connected nodes. For the WAN we
show that, except for Australia, all continental networks fall into the
same universality class. Practical implications of this result are also
discussed.
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