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Impact of School Resources on Attainment at Key Stage 2

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DCSF, London, (2008)

Abstract

School expenditure has increased dramatically over the last ten years. The question addressed in this report is whether this has made any difference to the academic outcomes of children leaving primary school. Our main results suggest a positive and significant influence of school expenditure on attainment at the end of Key Stage 2 in English, Maths and Science. An increase of £1,000 in average expenditure per pupil (i.e. an increase of one third) would increase the number of people attaining the expected standard (level 4) or above by 2.2, 2.0 and 0.7 percentage points in English, Maths and Science respectively. We discover evidence of heterogeneity in the effects of expenditure according to school and pupil characteristics. It seems to be easier to translate expenditure increases into improvement in Key Stage 2 attainment for English in more disadvantaged schools, whereas the opposite is true for Science. For Maths, the effect of expenditure is higher in more advantaged schools, but the differential between school types is not as high as for the other subjects. Pupils eligible to receive Free School Meals do seem to benefit more on average from increases in expenditure in terms of attainment in English and Maths. There is less of a differential for Science. Finally, there is a stronger effect of expenditure on higher ability pupils (on the basis of their Key Stage 1 assessment) across all subjects.

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