Abstract
The recent measurement of an ionising mean free path $łambda_mfp<1$
pMpc at $z=6$ challenges our understanding of the small-scale structure of the
intergalactic medium (IGM) at the end of reionisation. We introduce a new
method to constrain at $z=6$ by using lower limits on the individual free
paths of ionisation around quasars. Lyman-limit absorbers with a density
sufficient to halt ionising photons produce strong absorption in the 6
lowest-energy Lyman transitions, in the absence of which a robust lower limit
can be placed on the individual free path. Applying this method to a set of
$26$ quasars at $5.5<z<6.5$, we find that $80\%$ of bright quasars
($M_1450<-26.5$) require individual free paths larger than $2$ pMpc. We model
the relation between opacity $\kappa$ and photo-ionisation rate $\Gamma$ via
the parameter $\xi$ such that $\kappa\propto\Gamma^-\xi$, and pose joint
limits on and $\xi$. For the nominal value of $\xi=2/3$, we constrain
$łambda_mfp>0.31 \ (0.18)$ pMpc at $2\ (3\sigma)$: a much
tighter lower bound than obtained through traditional stacking methods. Our
constraints get significantly stronger for lower values of $\xi$. New
constraints on and $\xi$ are crucial to our understanding of the
reionisation-era IGM.
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