%0 Journal Article %1 Elvik2011 %A Elvik, Rune %D 2011 %J Accid Anal Prev %K prevention safety %N 3 %P 1245--1251 %R 10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.007 %T Publication bias and time-trend bias in meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy: a re-analysis of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001. %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.007 %V 43 %X This paper shows that the meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy reported by Attewell, Glase, and McFadden (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2001, 345-352) was influenced by publication bias and time-trend bias that was not controlled for. As a result, the analysis reported inflated estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets. This paper presents a re-analysis of the study. The re-analysis included: (1) detecting and adjusting for publication bias by means of the trim-and-fill method; (2) ensuring the inclusion of all published studies by means of continuity corrections of estimates of effect rely on zero counts; (3) detecting and trying to account for a time-trend bias in estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets; (4) updating the study by including recently published studies evaluating the effects of bicycle helmets. The re-analysis shows smaller safety benefits associated with the use of bicycle helmets than the original study.

@article{Elvik2011, abstract = {This paper shows that the meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy reported by Attewell, Glase, and McFadden (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2001, 345-352) was influenced by publication bias and time-trend bias that was not controlled for. As a result, the analysis reported inflated estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets. This paper presents a re-analysis of the study. The re-analysis included: (1) detecting and adjusting for publication bias by means of the trim-and-fill method; (2) ensuring the inclusion of all published studies by means of continuity corrections of estimates of effect rely on zero counts; (3) detecting and trying to account for a time-trend bias in estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets; (4) updating the study by including recently published studies evaluating the effects of bicycle helmets. The re-analysis shows smaller safety benefits associated with the use of bicycle helmets than the original study.}, added-at = {2013-07-30T04:22:14.000+0200}, author = {Elvik, Rune}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c78e8edc3c6b4a1e1a3e1187c7421845/aorchid}, doi = {10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.007}, file = {:AccidAnalPrev.43.1245.pdf:PDF}, groups = {public}, institution = {Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. re@toi.no}, interhash = {72b62b7118fb9a3f0b562be24af7cd7b}, intrahash = {c78e8edc3c6b4a1e1a3e1187c7421845}, journal = {Accid Anal Prev}, keywords = {prevention safety}, language = {eng}, medline-pst = {ppublish}, month = May, number = 3, pages = {1245--1251}, pii = {S0001-4575(11)00008-X}, pmid = {21376924}, timestamp = {2013-07-30T04:22:14.000+0200}, title = {Publication bias and time-trend bias in meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy: a re-analysis of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.007}, username = {aorchid}, volume = 43, year = 2011 }