Аннотация
Entanglement is not only one of the most striking features of Quantum
Mechanics but also an essential ingredient in most applications in the field of
Quantum Information. Unfortunately, this property is very fragile. In
experiments conducted so far, coupling of the system to a quantum mechanical
environment, commonly referred to as dissipation, either inhibits entanglement
or prevents its generation. In this Letter, we report on an experiment in which
dissipation induces entanglement between two atomic objects rather than
impairing it. This counter-intuitive effect is achieved by engineering the
dissipation by means of laser- and magnetic fields, and leads to entanglement
which is very robust and therefore long-lived. Our system consists of two
distant macroscopic ensembles containing about 10^12 atoms coupled to the
environment composed of the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. The two
atomic objects are kept entangled by dissipation at room temperature for about
0.015s. The prospects of using this method to obtain extremely long-lived
entanglement in a steady state are discussed.
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