Abstract
Even under excellent recording conditions, the interpretation of seismic
data is often complicated by the presence of energy not attributable
to simple subsurface reflection sources. One type of extraneous energy,
more prevalent than commonly realized, is reflected refractions which
often complicate seismic results in many areas of the San Joaquin
and Sacramento Valleys of California. In localities where the subsurface
layering is nearly flat, reflected refractions, because of their
steeply dipping alignments, can be readily recognized, although not
all of these steeply dipping alignments will be reflected refractions.
The geophysicist's real identification problem comes in areas of
steeply dipping geological beds, especially when record quality is
poor. His failure to recognize reflected refractions can result in
a seismic interpretation having little or no relationship to the
true subsurface geological picture.
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