Abstract
Touch screens are increasingly used in mobile devices such as smartphones or tablet computers, as well as in
stationary systems like ticket vending machines or information terminals. Using touch screens, it is possible
to perform complex interactions in a small area while remaining flexible at low cost. Compared to
mechanical keyboards, touch screens show the disadvantage, that haptic feedback and familiar feeling
provided by mechanical keys, transmitted via the sense of touch, is lost. Typing on a touch screen interface is
more difficult and may result in a lower input speed (Hoggan et al. 2008). To address this problem,
artificially generated vibrations provide tactile feedback in numerous devices. In addition to that, using the
haptic sense to convey information is a promising approach to improve human-machine interaction
(El Saddik 2007), in particular when the visual or auditory channel is overloaded or not available (Brewster
and Brown 2004a).
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