Abstract
In this chapter, we review theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of
the way readers construct a mental representation of gender. First, we introduce the different
cognitive processes at the very base of any inference and explain the different top-down and
bottom-up sources of information that may or may not interact when constructing a coherent
representation of gender. Second, we present some empirical research on the topic, mostly
conducted on adult readers, based on English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian and
Spanish. Third and finally, we consider the different implications of the work presented in
terms of both fundamental advances in language and cognition as well as the effects it could
have upon societal issues. Some future directions are suggested.
Keywords: Gender inferences, grammar, stereotypes, Whorfian hypothesis, mental models.
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