%0 Journal Article %1 Hend_2004_604 %A Henderson, Scott A %A Goldhaber, Joshua I %A So, Jessica M %A Han, Tieyan %A Motter, Christi %A Ngo, An %A Chantawansri, Chana %A Ritter, Matthew R %A Friedlander, Martin %A Nicoll, Debora A %A Frank, Joy S %A Jordan, Maria C %A Roos, Kenneth P %A Ross, Robert S %A Philipson, Kenneth D %D 2004 %J Circ. Res. %K 15375019 Action Adaptation, Animals, Calcium Cardiac, Contraction, Deletion, Echocardiography, Exchanger, Exons, Female, Fetal Gene Gov't, Heart, Integrases, Knockout, Male, Mice, Models, Molecular, Myocardial Myocardium, Myocytes, Non-U.S. P.H.S., Patch-Clamp Physiological, Potentials, Proteins, Research Reticulum, Sarcoplasmic Sequence Signaling, Sodium-Calcium Support, Targeting, Techniques, U.S. Viral %N 6 %P 604-11 %R 10.1161/01.RES.0000142316.08250.68 %T Functional adult myocardium in the absence of Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchange: cardiac-specific knockout of NCX1. %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000142316.08250.68 %V 95 %X The excitation-contraction coupling cycle in cardiac muscle is initiated by an influx of Ca$^2+$ through voltage-dependent Ca$^2+$ channels. Ca$^2+$ influx induces a release of Ca$^2+$ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myocyte contraction. To maintain Ca$^2+$ homeostasis, Ca$^2+$ entry is balanced by efflux mediated by the sarcolemmal Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchanger. In the absence of Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchange, it would be expected that cardiac myocytes would overload with Ca$^2+$. Using Cre/loxP technology, we generated mice with a cardiac-specific knockout of the Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchanger, NCX1. The exchanger is completely ablated in 80\% to 90\% of the cardiomyocytes as determined by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and exchange function. Surprisingly, the NCX1 knockout mice live to adulthood with only modestly reduced cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography. At 7.5 weeks of age, measures of contractility are decreased by 20\% to 30\%. We detect no adaptation of the myocardium to the absence of the Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchanger as measured by both immunoblots and microarray analysis. Ca$^2+$ transients of isolated myocytes from knockout mice display normal magnitudes and relaxation kinetics and normal responses to isoproterenol. Under voltage clamp conditions, the current through L-type Ca$^2+$ channels is reduced by 50\%, although the number of channels is unchanged. An abbreviated action potential may further reduce Ca$^2+$ influx. Rather than upregulate other Ca$^2+$ efflux mechanisms, the myocardium appears to functionally adapt to the absence of the Na$^+$-Ca$^2+$ exchanger by limiting Ca$^2+$ influx. The magnitude of Ca$^2+$ transients appears to be maintained by an increased gain of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca$^2+$ release. The myocardium of the NCX1 knockout mice undergoes a remarkable adaptation to maintain near normal cardiac function.

@article{Hend_2004_604, abstract = {The excitation-contraction coupling cycle in cardiac muscle is initiated by an influx of {C}a$^{2+}$ through voltage-dependent {C}a$^{2+}$ channels. {C}a$^{2+}$ influx induces a release of {C}a$^{2+}$ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myocyte contraction. To maintain {C}a$^{2+}$ homeostasis, {C}a$^{2+}$ entry is balanced by efflux mediated by the sarcolemmal {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchanger. In the absence of {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchange, it would be expected that cardiac myocytes would overload with {C}a$^{2+}$. Using Cre/loxP technology, we generated mice with a cardiac-specific knockout of the {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchanger, NCX1. The exchanger is completely ablated in 80\% to 90\% of the cardiomyocytes as determined by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and exchange function. Surprisingly, the NCX1 knockout mice live to adulthood with only modestly reduced cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography. At 7.5 weeks of age, measures of contractility are decreased by 20\% to 30\%. We detect no adaptation of the myocardium to the absence of the {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchanger as measured by both immunoblots and microarray analysis. {C}a$^{2+}$ transients of isolated myocytes from knockout mice display normal magnitudes and relaxation kinetics and normal responses to isoproterenol. Under voltage clamp conditions, the current through L-type {C}a$^{2+}$ channels is reduced by 50\%, although the number of channels is unchanged. An abbreviated action potential may further reduce {C}a$^{2+}$ influx. Rather than upregulate other {C}a$^{2+}$ efflux mechanisms, the myocardium appears to functionally adapt to the absence of the {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchanger by limiting {C}a$^{2+}$ influx. The magnitude of {C}a$^{2+}$ transients appears to be maintained by an increased gain of sarcoplasmic reticular {C}a$^{2+}$ release. The myocardium of the NCX1 knockout mice undergoes a remarkable adaptation to maintain near normal cardiac function.}, added-at = {2009-06-03T11:20:58.000+0200}, author = {Henderson, Scott A and Goldhaber, Joshua I and So, Jessica M and Han, Tieyan and Motter, Christi and Ngo, An and Chantawansri, Chana and Ritter, Matthew R and Friedlander, Martin and Nicoll, Debora A and Frank, Joy S and Jordan, Maria C and Roos, Kenneth P and Ross, Robert S and Philipson, Kenneth D}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2a2ec3160039071c25c5f19db9170ac3d/hake}, description = {The whole bibliography file I use.}, doi = {10.1161/01.RES.0000142316.08250.68}, file = {Hend_2004_604.pdf:Hend_2004_604.pdf:PDF}, interhash = {b0c1f0248cefd2f9aed408686b5215e6}, intrahash = {a2ec3160039071c25c5f19db9170ac3d}, journal = {Circ. Res.}, key = 34, keywords = {15375019 Action Adaptation, Animals, Calcium Cardiac, Contraction, Deletion, Echocardiography, Exchanger, Exons, Female, Fetal Gene Gov't, Heart, Integrases, Knockout, Male, Mice, Models, Molecular, Myocardial Myocardium, Myocytes, Non-U.S. P.H.S., Patch-Clamp Physiological, Potentials, Proteins, Research Reticulum, Sarcoplasmic Sequence Signaling, Sodium-Calcium Support, Targeting, Techniques, U.S. Viral}, month = Sep, number = 6, pages = {604-11}, pii = {01.RES.0000142316.08250.68}, timestamp = {2009-06-03T11:21:14.000+0200}, title = {Functional adult myocardium in the absence of {N}a$^{+}$-{C}a$^{2+}$ exchange: cardiac-specific knockout of NCX1.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000142316.08250.68}, volume = 95, year = 2004 }