%0 Journal Article %1 Lawhorn1994 %A Lawhorn, C. D. %A Boop, F. %A Brown, R. %A Andelman, P. %D 1994 %J Pediatr Neurosurg %K Butorphanol; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Morphine; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies %N 3 %P 198--202 %T Epidural pain management in the postrhizotomy patient. %V 20 %X The authors report a randomized double-blind prospective study comparing epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg to epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg plus butorphanol 40 micrograms/kg in children undergoing rhizotomy. Up to 50\% of children receiving epidural morphine alone will experience side effects of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention or respiratory depression. The addition of the narcotic agonist-antagonist butorphanol virtually eliminated these side effects without compromising analgesia or causing undue sedation. Parent satisfaction was greater than 90\%.

@article{Lawhorn1994, abstract = {The authors report a randomized double-blind prospective study comparing epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg to epidural morphine 80 micrograms/kg plus butorphanol 40 micrograms/kg in children undergoing rhizotomy. Up to 50\% of children receiving epidural morphine alone will experience side effects of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention or respiratory depression. The addition of the narcotic agonist-antagonist butorphanol virtually eliminated these side effects without compromising analgesia or causing undue sedation. Parent satisfaction was greater than 90\%.}, added-at = {2014-07-19T20:41:13.000+0200}, author = {Lawhorn, C. D. and Boop, F. and Brown, R. and Andelman, P.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ef60b79127f85e9acc3aeb080107f599/ar0berts}, groups = {public}, interhash = {b68a15e51fce2470e5d69c51e4055ba7}, intrahash = {ef60b79127f85e9acc3aeb080107f599}, journal = {Pediatr Neurosurg}, keywords = {Butorphanol; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Morphine; Muscle Spasticity; Pain; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies}, number = 3, pages = {198--202}, pmid = {8204495}, timestamp = {2014-07-19T20:41:13.000+0200}, title = {Epidural pain management in the postrhizotomy patient.}, username = {ar0berts}, volume = 20, year = 1994 }