Abstract
The process of adsorption of toxic metals from the use of clays as
adsorbents has been investigated in numerous studies. Clays are in fact
good adsorbents of metal ions in solution. A challenge that this type of
process brings would be the use of clays after the adsorption of metal
ions in their structures. This work aimed to evaluate the crystalline
structures of ceramics produced with clays contaminated with galvanic
sludge and with liquid effluents from jewelry factories that use
electroplating. The manufacturing process for ceramic composites
followed the protocols used in the manufacture of bricks and tiles. For
that, controlled quantities of galvanic sludge and liquid effluents were
added to the clay masses used in the manufacture of ceramic pieces and
later burning in an industrial oven. It is observed by the results of
X-ray fluorescence that the metallic ions Zn (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II)
are incorporated into the structure of the ceramics when using galvanic
sludge. However, this was not observed when using liquid effluent. The
use of X-ray diffraction techniques, Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR, shows
that from the structural point of view the analyzed samples did not
undergo significant changes, only a progressive decrease in the
intensity of the kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz peaks.
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