Abstract
We present the first physical realization, in a many-body
Hamiltonian system, of the abstract probabilistic structure shown
recently by M. Gell-Mann, Y. Sato and one of us (C.T.), that the
$q$-entropy $S_q$ can conform, for an anomalous value of $q$
(i.e., $q 1)$, to the classical thermodynamical requirement
for the entropy to be extensive. Moreover, we find that the
entropic index $q$ provides a tool to characterize different
universality classes in quantum phase transitions. The present
results suggest a new and powerful approach to measure
entanglement in quantum many-body systems.
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