Abstract
In this paper I discuss openness and its converse, closeness, in science and society. Openness
is an aspiration which is achieved to varying extents in different situations and by different actors in
human culture. I identify confidence (here used primarily in the sense self-confidence) and trust as
essential conditions for openness to flourish, and integrity as an overarching quality which fosters
openness, confidence and trust. The principal example here treated concerns the views and practice
of the physicist Niels Bohr, in his science and in his advocacy of openness in the science-related matter
of the international control of nuclear weapons.
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