%0 Journal Article %1 Jones:1984 %A Jones, M. R. O. %A Bond, J. %D 1984 %J Chemical Engineering research and Design (Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part A) %K cleaning electrostatics; flammable in incendivity materials; operations tank tankers; %N 5 %P 327--333 %T Electrostatic hazards associated with marine chemical tanker operations: Criteria of incendivity in tank cleaning operations. %V 62 %X This study considers the hazard of ignition of a flammable atmosphere within a chemical cargo tank by an electrical discharge from a water slug originating from a washing machine. A mathematical model is developed to establish a threshold electrostatic condition of the tank atmosphere which would give rise to a hazardous situation. The model involves worst case assumptions regarding minimum ignition energy, slug size, spark cooling by water mist, vapor concentration, charge transfer and geometrical factors. The calculated hazardous threshold potentials obtained from the model for various chemicals are compared, for the same tank volume and position, with actual measured values obtained on marine chemical tankers. All measured values are below the threshold, although some are very close. The historical fire and explosion data for marine chemical tankers has been examined and confirms that no incident of ignition within a cargo tank has occurred as a result of static generated by water washing machines.

@article{Jones:1984, abstract = {This study considers the hazard of ignition of a flammable atmosphere within a chemical cargo tank by an electrical discharge from a water slug originating from a washing machine. A mathematical model is developed to establish a threshold electrostatic condition of the tank atmosphere which would give rise to a hazardous situation. The model involves worst case assumptions regarding minimum ignition energy, slug size, spark cooling by water mist, vapor concentration, charge transfer and geometrical factors. The calculated hazardous threshold potentials obtained from the model for various chemicals are compared, for the same tank volume and position, with actual measured values obtained on marine chemical tankers. All measured values are below the threshold, although some are very close. The historical fire and explosion data for marine chemical tankers has been examined and confirms that no incident of ignition within a cargo tank has occurred as a result of static generated by water washing machines.}, added-at = {2010-01-05T23:12:10.000+0100}, author = {Jones, M. R. O. and Bond, J.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b936faf7c638bf11621d4e98d637b33c/sjp}, interhash = {cd081758746cb8bc1fdb9d427969cdd6}, intrahash = {b936faf7c638bf11621d4e98d637b33c}, journal = {Chemical Engineering research and Design (Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part A)}, keywords = {cleaning electrostatics; flammable in incendivity materials; operations tank tankers;}, month = {September}, number = 5, pages = {327--333}, review = {distinguishes between chemical and oil tankers; greater safety in former is attributed to tank design and lack of slugs from washing machines.}, timestamp = {2010-01-19T17:39:44.000+0100}, title = {{E}lectrostatic hazards associated with marine chemical tanker operations: {C}riteria of incendivity in tank cleaning operations.}, volume = 62, year = 1984 }