Abstract
The effect of an external in-plane electric field on neutral and charged
exciton states in two-dimensional (2D) materials is theoretically
investigated. These states are argued to be strongly bound, so that
electron-hole dissociation is not observed up to high electric field
intensities. Trions in the anisotropic case of monolayer phosphorene are
demonstrated to be especially robust under electric fields, so that
fields as high as 100 kV/cm yield no significant effect on the trion
binding energy or probability density distribution. Polarizabilities of
excitons are obtained from the parabolicity of numerically calculated
Stark shifts. For trions, a fourth order Stark shift is observed, which
enables the experimental verification of hyperpolarizability in 2D
materials, as observed in the highly excited states of the Rydberg
series of atoms and ions.
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