Abstract
Networked infrastructures are complex socio-technical systems. The
complexity shows in the physical networks, in the actor networks,
and in their combination. This paper addresses the question how these
systems should be designed. For the physical networks as well as
the actor networks, design processes exist that could be applied
separately. However, for these integrated networks an integrated
approach is proposed. Three cases studies of designs are discussed
concerning a district heating system, a gas network and a seaport
development. The studies lead to the conclusion that an integrated
socio-technical complex system design process must be applied.
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