Abstract
This book about rock stress is suitable for students in geosciences
and rock engineering, who need to broaden their horizons about the
Stress Field of the Earth's Crust. The book covers the topic so that
geosciences students will be able to grasp the Cauchy Stress Principle
without fear of matrix transformations in an exercise. Students interested
in mathematics, physics and engineering will learn how strain gauges
are used to obtain in-situ stress by the overcoring method. Leading
edge technology in determining rock stress like quadruple packer
and the Kaiser effect are presented together with classical methods
like hydraulic fracturing. Borehole techniques (breakouts) and core-based
methods (anelastic strain recovery) are illustrated. With respect
to stress data, we choose locations of global interest where integrated
stress determination strategies have been applied like the scientific
ultra-deep drilling project KTB (Germany), the excavation for nuclear
waste disposal at Olkiluoto (Finland), or the drilling into a seismic
active fault zone at SAFOD (USA). Stress compilations viewed by the
World Stress Map project are presented and interpreted in terms of
plate tectonics. The purpose of this book is twofold. First, to report
on the current field of knowledge in rock stress to students at an
introduction level and second, to inform readers about stress measurements
in underground excavations and boreholes of public interest and about
global rock stress in plate tectonic settings. Apart from the introduction,
the textbook consists of three major parts. Part I starts with definitions,
rock stress terminology, and ends in simple Earth stress profiles
(Chapters 2-5). Part II is about stress measuring techniques from
an experimental physics basis (Chapter 6) and a rock mechanics viewpoint
(Chapters 7 and 8). Part III is about displaying and interpreting
stress data at local and global scale with plate tectonics as a fundament
(Chapters 9-11). The book includes exercises and is accompanied by
a DVD containing seventeen video lectures. Movies stored on the DVD
give insights into laboratory testing, show technical equipment used
in the field to determine in-situ stress, and archive interviews
with eminent authorities in the field of rock stress. The DVD is
enriched by the World Stress Map data set.
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