Streets that honoured revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin or the Bolshevik Revolution were largely already gone; now Russia, not Ukraine's Soviet legacy, is the cultural enemy. A boulevard whose name translates as "Friendship of Peoples" — an allusion to the diverse ethnicities under the USSR – will now honour Mykola Mikhnovsky, an early proponent of Ukrainian independence.

Another street recognises the "Heroes of Mariupol" — fighters who held out for months against a devastating Russian campaign in that Sea of Azov port city that eventually fell.

A street named for the Russian city of Volgograd is now called Roman Ratushnyi Street, in honour of a 24-year-old civic and environmental activist who was killed in the war.

A small street in northern Kyiv still bears Dostoevsky's name, but soon will be named for Warhol, the late American pop art visionary whose parents had family roots in Slovakia, across Ukraine's western border.