Continuous deep sedation (CDS) is sometimes used to treat refractory symptoms in terminally ill patients. The aim of this paper was to estimate the frequency and characteristics of CDS in six European countries: Belgium, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. Of all deaths, CDS was applied in 2.5% in Denmark and up to 8.5% in Italy. Of all patients receiving CDS, 35% (Italy) and up to 64% (Denmark and The Netherlands) did not receive artificial nutrition or hydration. Patients who received CDS were more often male, younger than 80 years old, more likely to have had cancer, and died more often in a hospital compared to nonsudden deaths without CDS. The high variability of frequency and characteristics of CDS in the studied European countries points out the importance of medical education and scientific debate on this issue.
Guideline for Palliative Sedation Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) Committee on National Guideline for Palliative Sedation Utrecht, The Netherlands Januari 2009
Objectives: To investigate why physicians label end-of-life acts as either ‘euthanasia/ending of life’ or ‘alleviation of symptoms/palliative or terminal sedation’, and to study the association of such labelling with intended reporting of these acts. Conclusions: Similar cases are not uniformly labelled. However, a physicians’ label is strongly associated with their willingness to report their acts. Differences in how physicians label similar acts impede complete societal control. Further education and debate could enhance the level of agreement about what is physician-assisted dying, and thus should be reported, and what not.
Sky Television’s documentary showing an assisted suicide has provoked a storm in UK tabloids, but the medical ethicist Daniel K Sokol says it has reinforced his belief in the moral permissibility of helping people die in exceptional circumstances.
The study objective is to determine if quality of care, symptoms of depression, disease characteristics & quality of life of patients with ALS are related to requesting EAS & dying due to EAS. … 31% of patients requested EAS, 69% of whom eventually died as a result of EAS (22% of all patients). 10% died during CDS; only 1 of them had explicitly requested death to be hastened. Of patients who requested EAS, 86% considered health care to be good or excellent, 16% felt depressed, 45% experienced loss of dignity & 42% feared choking. These percentages do not differ from the number of patients who did not explicitly request EAS. … Our findings do not support CDS being used as a substitute for EAS. In this prospective study, no evidence was found for a relation between EAS & the quality & quantity of care received, quality of life & symptoms of depression in patients with ALS. Our study does not support the notion that unmet palliative care needs are related to EAS.
Pour la première fois, le conseil national de l'Ordre des médecins a envisagé qu'un collège médical permette une "sédation terminale" pour des patients en fin de vie, réservée à des situations auxquelles la loi actuelle – la loi Leonetti de 2005 – ne donne pas de réponse. "Sur des requêtes persistantes, lucides et réitérées de la personne, atteinte d'une affection pour laquelle les soins curatifs sont devenus inopérants et les soins palliatifs instaurés, une décision médicale légitime doit être prise devant des situations cliniques exceptionnelles, sous réserve qu'elles soient identifiées comme telles, non pas par un seul praticien mais par une formation collégiale", estime l'Ordre dans un texte rendu public jeudi qui évoque "un devoir d'humanité" sans employer directement le terme d'euthanasie pour décrire cette assistance médicalisée pour mourir.
The total number of deaths studied was 11,704 of which 1517 involved continuous deep sedation. In Dutch hospitals, CDS was significantly less often provided (11%) compared with hospitals in Flanders (20%) and U.K. (17%). In U.K. home settings, CDS was more common (19%) than in Flanders (10%) or NL (8%). In NL in both settings, CDS more often involved benzodiazepines and lasted less than 24 hours. Physicians in Flanders combined CDS with a decision to provide physician-assisted death more often. Overall, men, younger patients, and patients with malignancies were more likely to receive CDS, although this was not always significant within each country. Conclusion Differences in the prevalence of continuous deep sedation appear to reflect complex legal, cultural, and organizational factors more than differences in patients’ characteristics or clinical profiles. Further
Conclusions The increased use of continuous deep sedation for patients nearing death in the Netherlands and the limited use of palliative consultation suggests that this practice is increasingly considered as part of regular medical practice.