He traced this argument back to at least Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, who framed the argument as a syllogism: Wherever complex design exists, there must have been a designer
Paper in which we describe how an artificial chemistry on a planar graph easily generates islands of activity with barriers with much lower activity between them
W. Fontana. Proc. Workshop on Artificial Life (ALIFE '90), volume 5 of Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of, page 159--210. Redwood City, CA, USA, Addison-Wesley, (1992)