"In Semantic Web languages, such as RDF and OWL, a property is a binary relation: it is used to link two individuals or an individual and a value. However, in some cases, the natural and convenient way to represent certain concepts is to use relations to link an individual to more than just one individual or value. These relations are called n-ary relations. For example, we may want to represent properties of a relation, such as our certainty about it, severity or strength of a relation, relevance of a relation, and so on. Another example is representing relations among multiple individuals, such as a buyer, a seller, and an object that was bought when describing a purchase of a book. This document presents ontology patterns for representing n-ary relations in RDF and OWL and discusses what users must consider when choosing these patterns."
Bayesian Networks are probabilistic structured representations of domains which have been applied to monitoring and manipulating cause and effects for modelled systems as disparate as the weather, disease and mobile telecommunications networks. Although useful, Bayesian Networks are notoriously difficult to build accurately and efficiently which has somewhat limited their application to real world problems. Ontologies are also a structured representation of knowledge, encoding facts and rules about a given domain. This paper outlines an approach to harness the knowledge and inference capabilities inherent in an ontology model to automate the construction of Bayesian Networks to accurately represent a domain of interest. The approach was implemented in the context of an adaptive, self-configuring network management system in the telecommunications domain. In this system, the ontology model has the dual function of knowledge repository and facilitator of automated workflows and the generated BN serves to monitor effects of management activity, forming part of a feedback look for self-configuration decisions and tasks.
D. Laniado, D. Eynard, and M. Colombetti. Semantic Web Application and Perspectives - Fourth Italian Semantic Web Workshop, page 192--201. (December 2007)
Y. Sure, S. Bloehdorn, P. Haase, J. Hartmann, and D. Oberle. Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Progress in Artificial Intelligence (EPIA 2005), volume 3803 of LNCS, page 218 - 231. Covilha, Portugal, Springer, (December 2005)
S. Rudolph, J. Völker, and P. Hitzler. Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications, Proc. ICCS 2007, volume 4604 of LNAI, page 488-491. Sheffield, UK, Springer, (July 2008)ISBN: 978-3-540-73680-6
ISSN: 0302-9743.