%0 Journal Article %1 Caithness2004 %A Caithness, Graham %A Osu, Rieko %A Bays, Paul %A Chase, Henry %A Klassen, Jessica %A Kawato, Mitsuo %A Wolpert, Daniel M %A Flanagan, J Randall %D 2004 %J The Journal of Neuroscience %K arm field; force interference internal learning; models; motor movement; retrograde rotation; visuomotor %N 40 %P 8662– 8671 %T Failure to Consolidate the Consolidation Theory of Learning for Sensorimotor Adaptation Tasks %V 24 %X An influential idea in human motor learning is that there is a consolidation period during which motor memories are transformed from a fragile to a permanent state, no longer susceptible to interference from new learning. The evidence supporting this idea comes from studies showing that the motor memory of a task (A) is lost when an opposing task (B) is experienced soon after, but not if sufficient time is allowed to pass (
6 hr).Wereport results from three laboratories challenging this consolidation idea.Weused anABAparadigm in the context of a reaching task to assess the influence of experiencing B after A on the retention of A. In two experiments using visuomotor rotations, we found that B fully interferes with the retention of A even when B is experienced 24 hr after A. Contrary to previous reports, in four experiments on learning force fields, we also observed full interference between A and B when they are separated by 24 hr or even 1 week. This latter result holds for both position-dependent and velocity-dependent force fields. For both the visuomotor and force-field tasks, complete interference is still observed when the possible affects of anterograde interference are controlled through the use of washout trials. Our results fail to support the idea that motor memories become consolidated into a protected state. Rather, they are consistent with recent ideas of memory formation, which propose that memories can shift between active and inactive states.

@article{Caithness2004, abstract = {An influential idea in human motor learning is that there is a consolidation period during which motor memories are transformed from a fragile to a permanent state, no longer susceptible to interference from new learning. The evidence supporting this idea comes from studies showing that the motor memory of a task (A) is lost when an opposing task (B) is experienced soon after, but not if sufficient time is allowed to pass (
6 hr).Wereport results from three laboratories challenging this consolidation idea.Weused anABAparadigm in the context of a reaching task to assess the influence of experiencing B after A on the retention of A. In two experiments using visuomotor rotations, we found that B fully interferes with the retention of A even when B is experienced 24 hr after A. Contrary to previous reports, in four experiments on learning force fields, we also observed full interference between A and B when they are separated by 24 hr or even 1 week. This latter result holds for both position-dependent and velocity-dependent force fields. For both the visuomotor and force-field tasks, complete interference is still observed when the possible affects of anterograde interference are controlled through the use of washout trials. Our results fail to support the idea that motor memories become consolidated into a protected state. Rather, they are consistent with recent ideas of memory formation, which propose that memories can shift between active and inactive states.}, added-at = {2009-06-26T15:25:19.000+0200}, author = {Caithness, Graham and Osu, Rieko and Bays, Paul and Chase, Henry and Klassen, Jessica and Kawato, Mitsuo and Wolpert, Daniel M and Flanagan, J Randall}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d2b3db0af1cb32feec8a878b9bee08a9/butz}, description = {diverse cognitive systems bib}, interhash = {1b3b5d8f2529b57640413d7e1f866e5c}, intrahash = {d2b3db0af1cb32feec8a878b9bee08a9}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, keywords = {arm field; force interference internal learning; models; motor movement; retrograde rotation; visuomotor}, number = 40, owner = {martin}, pages = {8662– 8671}, review = {6 experiments on visoumotor learning favor the aktive / inactive memory state theory of learning. That is: memory is not unchangable once consolidated but is reactivated if used. Hence, retrograde interference also occurs after 1 or 7 days}, timestamp = {2009-06-26T15:25:24.000+0200}, title = {Failure to Consolidate the Consolidation Theory of Learning for Sensorimotor Adaptation Tasks}, volume = 24, year = 2004 }