The cool-flame phenomenon can occur in fuel–oxygen (air) mixtures
within the flammable range and outside the flammable range, at fuel-rich
compositions, at temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature
(AIT). It is caused by chemical reactions occurring spontaneously
at relatively low temperatures and is favoured by elevated pressure.
The hazards that cool flames generate are described. These vary from
spoiling a product specification through contamination and explosive
decomposition of condensed peroxides to the appearance of unexpected
normal (hot) flame (two-stage ignition).
%0 Journal Article
%1 Pekalski2002
%A Pekalski, A. A.
%A Zevenbergen, J. F.
%A Pasman, H. J.
%A Lemkowitz, S. M.
%A Dahoe, A. E.
%A Scarlett, B.
%D 2002
%J Journal of Hazardous Materials
%K Auto-ignition; Cool Explosion; Slow Two-stage flames; ignition oxidation;
%N 1
%P 93--105
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00041-9
%T The relation of cool flames and auto-ignition phenomena to process
safety at elevated pressure and temperature
%U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGF-45C020S-2/2/d8c9eb60d762e84163f6895e133a4557
%V 93
%X The cool-flame phenomenon can occur in fuel–oxygen (air) mixtures
within the flammable range and outside the flammable range, at fuel-rich
compositions, at temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature
(AIT). It is caused by chemical reactions occurring spontaneously
at relatively low temperatures and is favoured by elevated pressure.
The hazards that cool flames generate are described. These vary from
spoiling a product specification through contamination and explosive
decomposition of condensed peroxides to the appearance of unexpected
normal (hot) flame (two-stage ignition).
@article{Pekalski2002,
abstract = {The cool-flame phenomenon can occur in fuel–oxygen (air) mixtures
within the flammable range and outside the flammable range, at fuel-rich
compositions, at temperatures below the auto-ignition temperature
(AIT). It is caused by chemical reactions occurring spontaneously
at relatively low temperatures and is favoured by elevated pressure.
The hazards that cool flames generate are described. These vary from
spoiling a product specification through contamination and explosive
decomposition of condensed peroxides to the appearance of unexpected
normal (hot) flame (two-stage ignition).},
added-at = {2010-01-05T23:12:10.000+0100},
author = {Pekalski, A. A. and Zevenbergen, J. F. and Pasman, H. J. and Lemkowitz, S. M. and Dahoe, A. E. and Scarlett, B.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/26adf23ee16658961a2e6540871cc1430/sjp},
day = 1,
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00041-9},
interhash = {17d847605490b3af4e6fb64029233242},
intrahash = {6adf23ee16658961a2e6540871cc1430},
journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},
keywords = {Auto-ignition; Cool Explosion; Slow Two-stage flames; ignition oxidation;},
month = {July},
number = 1,
pages = {93--105},
timestamp = {2010-01-19T17:39:44.000+0100},
title = {The relation of cool flames and auto-ignition phenomena to process
safety at elevated pressure and temperature},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGF-45C020S-2/2/d8c9eb60d762e84163f6895e133a4557},
volume = 93,
year = 2002
}