A thermal model is formulated that has the capability of predicting
the temperature of overhead transmission lines. The thermal model is
formulated into a computer program that can calculate both steadystate
and transient temperatures of a conductor. The transient portion
of the program allows the simulation of "real-time" line operation and
provides a method to predict instantaneous conductor temperatures.
In addition to predicting the temperature and ultimate sag of the line,
the program can be used to predict the operating conditions of lines
in the design stage. The program is also useful for designing new
transmission spans, and for predicting contingency ratings during
emergency conditions.
The model includes energy generated in the conductor, incident solar
energy, emitted radiant energy, convection from the surface of the
conductor and energy stored within the conductor. Both free and forced
convection modes are considered. The radiation model includes contributions
due to direct and diffuse solar energy. The resulting differential
equation for the conductor temperature is solved by the computer using
a numerical technique.
The program is capable of predicting the real-time line temperature
for all conductor designs and any variation in weather conditions and
line current. Coupled with a sag program, this type of information will
permit the determination of instantaneous ground clearances of
overhead conductors.
Results are presented for the time constant of several conductors
subject to step changes in current. The influence of weather conditions
on conductor temperature are examined. The wind velocity and direction
are shown to be most influential in determining the conductor
temperature. The results of the thermal model have been verified by
temperatures measured on a full-scale outdoor test line.
%0 Journal Article
%1 black1983realtime
%A Black, W
%A Byrd, W
%D 1983
%K Line Overhead
%T REAL-TIME AMPACITY MODEL FOR OVERHEAD LINES
%X A thermal model is formulated that has the capability of predicting
the temperature of overhead transmission lines. The thermal model is
formulated into a computer program that can calculate both steadystate
and transient temperatures of a conductor. The transient portion
of the program allows the simulation of "real-time" line operation and
provides a method to predict instantaneous conductor temperatures.
In addition to predicting the temperature and ultimate sag of the line,
the program can be used to predict the operating conditions of lines
in the design stage. The program is also useful for designing new
transmission spans, and for predicting contingency ratings during
emergency conditions.
The model includes energy generated in the conductor, incident solar
energy, emitted radiant energy, convection from the surface of the
conductor and energy stored within the conductor. Both free and forced
convection modes are considered. The radiation model includes contributions
due to direct and diffuse solar energy. The resulting differential
equation for the conductor temperature is solved by the computer using
a numerical technique.
The program is capable of predicting the real-time line temperature
for all conductor designs and any variation in weather conditions and
line current. Coupled with a sag program, this type of information will
permit the determination of instantaneous ground clearances of
overhead conductors.
Results are presented for the time constant of several conductors
subject to step changes in current. The influence of weather conditions
on conductor temperature are examined. The wind velocity and direction
are shown to be most influential in determining the conductor
temperature. The results of the thermal model have been verified by
temperatures measured on a full-scale outdoor test line.
@article{black1983realtime,
abstract = {A thermal model is formulated that has the capability of predicting
the temperature of overhead transmission lines. The thermal model is
formulated into a computer program that can calculate both steadystate
and transient temperatures of a conductor. The transient portion
of the program allows the simulation of "real-time" line operation and
provides a method to predict instantaneous conductor temperatures.
In addition to predicting the temperature and ultimate sag of the line,
the program can be used to predict the operating conditions of lines
in the design stage. The program is also useful for designing new
transmission spans, and for predicting contingency ratings during
emergency conditions.
The model includes energy generated in the conductor, incident solar
energy, emitted radiant energy, convection from the surface of the
conductor and energy stored within the conductor. Both free and forced
convection modes are considered. The radiation model includes contributions
due to direct and diffuse solar energy. The resulting differential
equation for the conductor temperature is solved by the computer using
a numerical technique.
The program is capable of predicting the real-time line temperature
for all conductor designs and any variation in weather conditions and
line current. Coupled with a sag program, this type of information will
permit the determination of instantaneous ground clearances of
overhead conductors.
Results are presented for the time constant of several conductors
subject to step changes in current. The influence of weather conditions
on conductor temperature are examined. The wind velocity and direction
are shown to be most influential in determining the conductor
temperature. The results of the thermal model have been verified by
temperatures measured on a full-scale outdoor test line.},
added-at = {2020-06-12T16:00:26.000+0200},
author = {Black, W and Byrd, W},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ba2f721735b0382b2e9bf29bcf9fcb07/ceps},
interhash = {0ca57ea8eb1e8119a08cbcb2425c9394},
intrahash = {ba2f721735b0382b2e9bf29bcf9fcb07},
keywords = {Line Overhead},
timestamp = {2023-12-21T08:30:21.000+0100},
title = {REAL-TIME AMPACITY MODEL FOR OVERHEAD LINES},
year = 1983
}