Hemispheric differences in polar mesospheric cloud morphology observed by the student nitric oxide explorer
S. Bailey, A. Merkel, G. Thomas, and D. Rusch. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69 (12):
1407-1418(2007)Cited Reference Count: 46
Cited References:
BAILEY SM, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110
BALSLEY BB, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P1983
BALSLEY BB, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P11685
BARTH CA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V108
BAUMGARTEN G, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P78
BREMER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
CARBARY JF, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P725
CHU X, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1937
CHU X, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108
CHU XZ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31
CZECHOWSKY P, 1979, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V6, P459
DELAND MT, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
DELAND MT, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P9
DOWDY A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P1475
ECKLUND WL, 1981, J GEOPHYS RES, V86, P7775
FIEDLER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
GADSDEN A, 2001, ADV SPACE RES, V28, P1083
HERVIG M, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P30
HUAMAN MM, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1529
JARVIS MJ, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32
LESLIE RJ, 1885, NATURE, V33, P245
LUBKEN FJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P9135
LUBKEN FJ, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
LUBKEN FJ, 2004, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V109
MCHUGH M, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
MERKEL AW, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V106, P30283
MERKEL AW, 2002, DYNAMICAL INFLUENCES
MERKEL AW, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
MORRIS RJ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31
MORRIS RJ, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P418
OLIVERO JJ, 1986, J ATMOS SCI, V43, P1263
PETELINA SV, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32
PETELINA SV, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P42
ROBLE RG, 1994, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V21, P417
SHETTLE EP, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES, V107
SISKIND DE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108, P40511
SISKIND DE, 2005, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V63, P501
THOMAS GE, 1985, PLANET SPACE SCI, V33, P1209
THOMAS GE, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14673
THOMAS GE, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V87, P185
THOMAS GE, 2003, ADV SPACE RES, V32, P1737
THOMAS GE, 2003, EOS, V84
VONZAHN U, 2003, EOS, V84
WOODFORD EM, 2005, PHARM WORLD SCI, V27, P215
WOODMAN RF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V104, P22577
WROTNY JE, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P1352
Bailey, Scott M. Merkel, Aimee W. Thomas, Gary E. Rusch, David W..
Abstract
The limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) at 215 and 237 nm from 1998 to 2003. The altitude and brightness relative to the background atmosphere were determined for each detected cloud. In the nominal mode of operations, SNOE observed forward scattered radiance in the southern hemisphere and backward scattered radiance in the northern hemisphere. This geometry and the strong asymmetry in the Mic scattering phase function makes southern clouds appear to be much brighter in the south relative to the north. During the northern 2000 PMC season and the southern 2000/2001 season, SNOE was operated in a special mode that permitted observation of both forward and backward scattered radiance over the entire polar region throughout the season. Observing the two hemispheres in identical geometries allows for a comparison of the spatial and temporal morphology of PMCs during those two seasons that is not limited by observational differences, either in scattering angle or local time. SNOE observed more than 32,000 clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in 2000 and more than 15,800 clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 2000/2001. This data set offers the following conclusions. There were significantly fewer PMCs observed in the south relative to the north, by nearly a factor of two, for the seasons observed. The frequency Of Occurrence of PMC was larger in the north with greater equatorward extent. Using a statistical description of the distribution of cloud brightness, we show that a larger population of bright clouds exist in the north relative to the south. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the northern clouds are on average 1.1 km lower in altitude than those of the south. The southern hemisphere clouds exhibit larger variability in frequency of occurrence than the northern hemisphere clouds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
%0 Journal Article
%1 BaileyPMC2
%A Bailey, S. M.
%A Merkel, A. W.
%A Thomas, G. E.
%A Rusch, D. W.
%D 2007
%J Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
%K ANTARCTICA CLIMATOLOGY CLOUDS LATITUDES LEO MESOSPHERE NOCTILUCENT NORTHERN PMSE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE WATER-VAPOR clouds differences hemispheric mesosphere mesospheric noctilucent polar
%N 12
%P 1407-1418
%T Hemispheric differences in polar mesospheric cloud morphology observed by the student nitric oxide explorer
%V 69
%X The limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) at 215 and 237 nm from 1998 to 2003. The altitude and brightness relative to the background atmosphere were determined for each detected cloud. In the nominal mode of operations, SNOE observed forward scattered radiance in the southern hemisphere and backward scattered radiance in the northern hemisphere. This geometry and the strong asymmetry in the Mic scattering phase function makes southern clouds appear to be much brighter in the south relative to the north. During the northern 2000 PMC season and the southern 2000/2001 season, SNOE was operated in a special mode that permitted observation of both forward and backward scattered radiance over the entire polar region throughout the season. Observing the two hemispheres in identical geometries allows for a comparison of the spatial and temporal morphology of PMCs during those two seasons that is not limited by observational differences, either in scattering angle or local time. SNOE observed more than 32,000 clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in 2000 and more than 15,800 clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 2000/2001. This data set offers the following conclusions. There were significantly fewer PMCs observed in the south relative to the north, by nearly a factor of two, for the seasons observed. The frequency Of Occurrence of PMC was larger in the north with greater equatorward extent. Using a statistical description of the distribution of cloud brightness, we show that a larger population of bright clouds exist in the north relative to the south. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the northern clouds are on average 1.1 km lower in altitude than those of the south. The southern hemisphere clouds exhibit larger variability in frequency of occurrence than the northern hemisphere clouds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@article{BaileyPMC2,
abstract = {The limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) observed Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) at 215 and 237 nm from 1998 to 2003. The altitude and brightness relative to the background atmosphere were determined for each detected cloud. In the nominal mode of operations, SNOE observed forward scattered radiance in the southern hemisphere and backward scattered radiance in the northern hemisphere. This geometry and the strong asymmetry in the Mic scattering phase function makes southern clouds appear to be much brighter in the south relative to the north. During the northern 2000 PMC season and the southern 2000/2001 season, SNOE was operated in a special mode that permitted observation of both forward and backward scattered radiance over the entire polar region throughout the season. Observing the two hemispheres in identical geometries allows for a comparison of the spatial and temporal morphology of PMCs during those two seasons that is not limited by observational differences, either in scattering angle or local time. SNOE observed more than 32,000 clouds in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) in 2000 and more than 15,800 clouds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 2000/2001. This data set offers the following conclusions. There were significantly fewer PMCs observed in the south relative to the north, by nearly a factor of two, for the seasons observed. The frequency Of Occurrence of PMC was larger in the north with greater equatorward extent. Using a statistical description of the distribution of cloud brightness, we show that a larger population of bright clouds exist in the north relative to the south. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the northern clouds are on average 1.1 km lower in altitude than those of the south. The southern hemisphere clouds exhibit larger variability in frequency of occurrence than the northern hemisphere clouds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
added-at = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200},
author = {Bailey, S. M. and Merkel, A. W. and Thomas, G. E. and Rusch, D. W.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2da15f71fbc61cb55cf96a160488614e4/bobsica},
description = {Leo's paper references II},
interhash = {ca8ccf60e361318804bc2c3a62b2d218},
intrahash = {da15f71fbc61cb55cf96a160488614e4},
journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics},
keywords = {ANTARCTICA CLIMATOLOGY CLOUDS LATITUDES LEO MESOSPHERE NOCTILUCENT NORTHERN PMSE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE WATER-VAPOR clouds differences hemispheric mesosphere mesospheric noctilucent polar},
note = {Cited Reference Count: 46
Cited References:
BAILEY SM, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110
BALSLEY BB, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P1983
BALSLEY BB, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P11685
BARTH CA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V108
BAUMGARTEN G, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P78
BREMER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
CARBARY JF, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P725
CHU X, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1937
CHU X, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108
CHU XZ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31
CZECHOWSKY P, 1979, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V6, P459
DELAND MT, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
DELAND MT, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P9
DOWDY A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P1475
ECKLUND WL, 1981, J GEOPHYS RES, V86, P7775
FIEDLER J, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
GADSDEN A, 2001, ADV SPACE RES, V28, P1083
HERVIG M, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P30
HUAMAN MM, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1529
JARVIS MJ, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32
LESLIE RJ, 1885, NATURE, V33, P245
LUBKEN FJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P9135
LUBKEN FJ, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
LUBKEN FJ, 2004, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V109
MCHUGH M, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
MERKEL AW, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V106, P30283
MERKEL AW, 2002, DYNAMICAL INFLUENCES
MERKEL AW, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
MORRIS RJ, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31
MORRIS RJ, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P418
OLIVERO JJ, 1986, J ATMOS SCI, V43, P1263
PETELINA SV, 2005, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V32
PETELINA SV, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P42
ROBLE RG, 1994, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V21, P417
SHETTLE EP, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES, V107
SISKIND DE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108, P40511
SISKIND DE, 2005, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V63, P501
THOMAS GE, 1985, PLANET SPACE SCI, V33, P1209
THOMAS GE, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14673
THOMAS GE, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V87, P185
THOMAS GE, 2003, ADV SPACE RES, V32, P1737
THOMAS GE, 2003, EOS, V84
VONZAHN U, 2003, EOS, V84
WOODFORD EM, 2005, PHARM WORLD SCI, V27, P215
WOODMAN RF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V104, P22577
WROTNY JE, 2006, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V68, P1352
Bailey, Scott M. Merkel, Aimee W. Thomas, Gary E. Rusch, David W.},
number = 12,
pages = {1407-1418},
timestamp = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200},
title = {Hemispheric differences in polar mesospheric cloud morphology observed by the student nitric oxide explorer},
volume = 69,
year = 2007
}