%0 Journal Article %1 Sleep2001 %A Sleep, N. H. %A Zahnle, K. %D 2001 %J Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets %K 2A; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CO2; DEGASSING EVOLUTION HISTORY; HYDROTHERMAL LAYER MOUNT-ETNA; OCEANIC-CRUST; PHANEROZOIC SURFACE TEMPERATURES; THERMAL TIME; %N E1 %P 1373--1399 %T Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth %V 106 %X The crustal Urey cycle of CO2 involving silicate weathering and metamorphism acts as a dynamic climate buffer. In this cycle, warmer temperatures speed silicate weathering and carbonate formation, reducing atmospheric CO2 and thereby inducing global cooling. Over long periods of time, cycling of CO2 into and out of the mantle also dynamically buffers CO2. In the mantle cycle, CO2 is outgassed at ridge axes and island arcs, while subduction of carbonatized oceanic basalt and pelagic sediments returns CO2 to the mantle. Negative feedback is provided because the amount of basalt carbonatization depends on CO2 in seawater and therefore on CO2 in the air. On the early Earth, processes involving tectonics were more vigorous than at present, and the dynamic mantle buffer dominated over the crustal one. The mantle cycle would have maintained atmospheric and oceanic CO2 reservoirs at levels where the climate was cold in the Archean unless another greenhouse gas was important. Reaction of CO2 with impact ejecta and its eventual subduction produce even lower levels of atmospheric CO2 and small crustal carbonate reservoirs in the Hadean. Despite its name, the Hadean climate would have been freezing unless tempered by other greenhouse gases.

@article{Sleep2001, abstract = {The crustal Urey cycle of CO2 involving silicate weathering and metamorphism acts as a dynamic climate buffer. In this cycle, warmer temperatures speed silicate weathering and carbonate formation, reducing atmospheric CO2 and thereby inducing global cooling. Over long periods of time, cycling of CO2 into and out of the mantle also dynamically buffers CO2. In the mantle cycle, CO2 is outgassed at ridge axes and island arcs, while subduction of carbonatized oceanic basalt and pelagic sediments returns CO2 to the mantle. Negative feedback is provided because the amount of basalt carbonatization depends on CO2 in seawater and therefore on CO2 in the air. On the early Earth, processes involving tectonics were more vigorous than at present, and the dynamic mantle buffer dominated over the crustal one. The mantle cycle would have maintained atmospheric and oceanic CO2 reservoirs at levels where the climate was cold in the Archean unless another greenhouse gas was important. Reaction of CO2 with impact ejecta and its eventual subduction produce even lower levels of atmospheric CO2 and small crustal carbonate reservoirs in the Hadean. Despite its name, the Hadean climate would have been freezing unless tempered by other greenhouse gases.}, added-at = {2009-11-03T20:21:25.000+0100}, author = {Sleep, N. H. and Zahnle, K.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/248232b9780c042185fe13152df381658/svance}, citedreferences = {ABBOTT D, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID, V99, P13835 ; ALLARD P, 1997, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V148, P501 ; ALT JC, 1986, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V80, P217 ; ALT JC, 1993, P OCEAN DRILL PROGRA, V136, P133 ; ALT JC, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V91, P85 ; ALT JC, 1996, P OCEAN DRILL PROGRA, V148, P435 ; ALT JC, 1996, P ODP SCI RESULTS, V148, P417 ; ALT JC, 1999, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V63, P1527 ; ANBAR AD, 2001, IN PRESS J GEOPHYS R ; BADA JL, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P1248 ; BERNER RA, 1991, AM J SCI, V291, P339 ; BERNER RA, 1994, AM J SCI, V294, P56 ; BERNER RA, 1997, Science, V276, P544 ; BRADY PV, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P965 ; BRANTLEY SL, 1995, Geology, V23, P933 ; BROECKER WS, 1974, TELLUS, V26, P21 ; BUICK R, 1990, SEDIMENTOLOGY, V37, P247 ; CALDEIRA K, 1992, Nature, V360, P721 ; CALDEIRA K, 1995, AM J SCI, V295, P1077 ; CARLSON RL, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V103, P7069 ; CHEN CTA, 1994, B SOC FR JP OCEANOGR, V32, P167 ; CROVISIER JL, 1987, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V51, P2977 ; DESMARAIS DJ, 1984, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V69, P43 ; DEWIT MJ, 1993, LITHOS, V30, P309 ; DONNELLY T, 1979, INITIAL REPORTS DEEP, V51 ; EKART DD, 1999, AM J SCI, V299, P805 ; FISCHER TP, 1998, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V160, P81 ; FISHER AT, 1998, REV GEOPHYS, V36, P143 ; FRANCK S, 1999, CHEM GEOL, V159, P305 ; FRANCOIS LM, 1992, AM J SCI, V292, P81 ; FRANCOIS LM, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V145, P177 ; GARRELS RM, 1971, EVOLUTION SEDIMENTAR ; GERLACH TM, 1991, EOS, V72, P249 ; GISLASON SR, 1993, CHEM GEOL, V105, P117 ; GODDERIS Y, 1995, CHEM GEOL, V126, P167 ; GROTZINGER JP, 1993, J GEOL, V101, P235 ; HOFFMAN PE, 2000, SCI AM, V282, P50 ; HOLLAND HD, 1978, CHEM ATMOSPHERE OCEA ; HOLLAND HD, 1984, CHEM EVOLUTION ATMOS ; HOOFT EEE, 1996, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V142, P289 ; HUANG WL, 1980, AM MINERAL, V65, P285 ; KADKO D, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V91, P446 ; KASTING JF, 1986, Science, V234, P1383 ; KASTING JF, 1990, ORIGINS LIFE, V20, P199 ; KASTING JF, 1993, Science, V259, P920 ; KEMPE S, 1985, CHEM GEOL, V53, P95 ; KEMPE S, 1994, B I OCEANOGRAPHIQUE, V13, P61 ; KIEHL JT, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V92, P2991 ; Langmuir CH, 1992, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V71, P183 ; LASAGA AC, 1985, GEOPHYS MONOGR AM GE, V32, P397 ; LOWE DR, 1999, GEOL S AM S, P83 ; MACLEOD G, 1994, ORIGINS LIFE, V24, P19 ; MARTY B, 1987, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V83, P16 ; MARTY B, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V145, P233 ; MCKAY CP, 1997, Science, V276, P390 ; MCKAY CP, 2000, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V27, P2153 ; MELOSH HJ, 1989, IMPACT CRATERING GEO ; MICHAUD V, 1995, CHEM GEOL, V122, P21 ; MORGAN JP, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V145, P431 ; MORSE JW, 1998, AQUAT GEOCHEM, V4, P301 ; MOTTL MJ, 1994, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V58, P2225 ; NISBET EG, 1993, LITHOS, V30, P291 ; NUTMAN AP, 1996, PRECAMBRIAN RES, V78, P1 ; OWEN AB, 1979, J BIOMED ENG, V1, P277 ; PAOLICCHI P, 1994, PLANET SPACE SCI, V42, P207 ; PAVLOV AA, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V105, P11981 ; PEACOCK SM, 1994, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V121, P227 ; PEACOCK SM, 1996, GEOPHYS MONOGR SER, V96, P119 ; PLANK T, 1998, CHEM GEOL, V145, P325 ; RINGWOOD AE, 1961, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V21, P295 ; RUSSELL MJ, 1997, J GEOL SOC LONDON 3, V154, P377 ; RYE R, 1995, Nature, V378, P603 ; SAGAN C, 1972, Science, V177, P52 ; SANO Y, 1996, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V23, P2749 ; SANSONE FJ, 1998, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V62, P2247 ; SCHMIDT RM, 1987, INT J IMPACT ENG, V5, P543 ; SCHULTZ A, 1997, PHILOS T ROY SOC A, V355, P387 ; SCHULTZ A, 1999, MIDOCEAN RIDGES DYNA, P171 ; SIBLEY DF, 1976, Science, V192, P551 ; SLEEP NH, 1979, J GEOL, V87, P671 ; Squyres SW, 1989, Icarus, V79, P229 ; STAUDIGEL H, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P3091 ; STAUDIGEL H, 1995, CHEM GEOL, V126, P147 ; STAUDIGEL H, 1996, AGU GEOPHYS MONOGR, V96, P19 ; STEIN CA, 1995, GEOPHYS MONOGR, V91, P425 ; STOLPER E, 1994, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V121, P293 ; TAJIKA E, 1992, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V113, P251 ; TAJIKA E, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P851 ; THORSETH IH, 1995, CHEM GEOL, V126, P137 ; TORGENSEN T, 1989, CHEM GEOL, V74, P1 ; TREMAINE S, 1993, Icarus, V106, P335 ; VANGROOS AFK, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID, V93, P8952 ; WALKER JCG, 1977, EVOLUTION ATMOSPHERE ; WALKER JCG, 1981, J GEOPHYS RES, V86, P9776 ; WALKER JCG, 1985, ORIGINS LIFE, V16, P117 ; WILLIAMS DR, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES-SOLID, V97, P8937 ; WILLIAMS DR, 1994, Icarus, V107, P117 ; WOLERY TJ, 1988, CHEM CYCLES EVOLUTIO, P77 ; ZAHNLE K, 1996, COMETS ORIGIN EVOLUT, P175 ; ZAHNLE KJ, 1986, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V91, P2819 ; ZHANG YX, 1993, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V117, P331}, interhash = {69bcfca465492553f8b2df834e6d4917}, intrahash = {48232b9780c042185fe13152df381658}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets}, keywords = {2A; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CO2; DEGASSING EVOLUTION HISTORY; HYDROTHERMAL LAYER MOUNT-ETNA; OCEANIC-CRUST; PHANEROZOIC SURFACE TEMPERATURES; THERMAL TIME;}, number = {E1}, owner = {svance}, pages = {1373--1399}, timestamp = {2009-11-03T20:22:14.000+0100}, title = {Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth}, volume = 106, year = 2001 }