%0 Journal Article %1 mistry_particles_1983 %A Mistry, N. B. %A Poling, R. A. %A Thorndike, E. H. %D 1983 %J Scientific American %K SummerStudentReadList09 article beams collisions electromagnetic elementary field interactions mesons particle production proton quarks theory tracks trajectories weak %P 106-115 %T Particles with naked beauty %V 249 %X Experimental evidence for a fifth quark, one which displays the flavor beauty (b), is reviewed. The observation of a pair of oppositely charged muons during bombardment of copper with a 400 GeV proton beam led to measurements of the momentum and direction of the escaping particles. The energy levels surpassed those of an electromagnetic interaction, but were indicative of one involving a suppressed strong force process. Later trials with colliding electron and positron streams at Cornell were with equipment with higher power capabilities and a drift chamber for making particle trajectory measurements. Gas-filled detectors assayed the particles' momentum, and NaI crystals were available for photon energy quantification. Upsilon resonances were detected at 9.46, 10.02, and 10.35 GeV, with flavors cancelled, i.e., hidden beauty. Further runs located 10.58 GeV as a resonance point at which the weak interaction occurred, producing a B meson decay into decaying quarks with naked (bare bottom) beauty. Finally, it was predicted and demonstrated that the b quark decayed to a c or u quark. No accurate lifetime measurement for the b quark has yet been made.

@article{mistry_particles_1983, abstract = {Experimental evidence for a fifth quark, one which displays the flavor beauty (b), is reviewed. The observation of a pair of oppositely charged muons during bombardment of copper with a 400 {GeV} proton beam led to measurements of the momentum and direction of the escaping particles. The energy levels surpassed those of an electromagnetic interaction, but were indicative of one involving a suppressed strong force process. Later trials with colliding electron and positron streams at Cornell were with equipment with higher power capabilities and a drift chamber for making particle trajectory measurements. Gas-filled detectors assayed the particles' momentum, and {NaI} crystals were available for photon energy quantification. Upsilon resonances were detected at 9.46, 10.02, and 10.35 {GeV,} with flavors cancelled, i.e., hidden beauty. Further runs located 10.58 {GeV} as a resonance point at which the weak interaction occurred, producing a B meson decay into decaying quarks with naked (bare bottom) beauty. Finally, it was predicted and demonstrated that the b quark decayed to a c or u quark. No accurate lifetime measurement for the b quark has yet been made.}, added-at = {2009-07-24T15:52:55.000+0200}, author = {Mistry, N. B. and Poling, R. A. and Thorndike, E. H.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/258d5aaa15b85dd5547f9fcb08e64e7d7/cernlibrary}, interhash = {b6fece4b5e64af8ecef101c9c3f6034f}, intrahash = {58d5aaa15b85dd5547f9fcb08e64e7d7}, journal = {Scientific American}, keywords = {SummerStudentReadList09 article beams collisions electromagnetic elementary field interactions mesons particle production proton quarks theory tracks trajectories weak}, month = {July}, pages = {106-115}, timestamp = {2009-07-24T15:52:55.000+0200}, title = {Particles with naked beauty}, volume = 249, year = 1983 }