Аннотация
We consider an infinitely large population under stabilizing selection and mutation in which the
allelic effects determining a polygenic trait vary between loci. We obtain analytical expressions for the
stationary genetic variance as a function of the distribution of effects, mutation rate, and selection coefficient.
We also study the dynamics of the allele frequencies, focusing on short-term evolution of the phenotypic mean
as it approaches the optimum after an environmental change. We find that when most effects are small, the
genetic variance does not change appreciably during adaptation, and the time until the phenotypic mean
reaches the optimum is short if the number of loci is large. However, when most effects are large, the change
of the variance during the adaptive process cannot be neglected. In this case, the short-term dynamics may be
described by those of a few loci of large effect. Our results may be used to understand polygenic selection
driving rapid adaptation.
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