The mission of the National-Tay Sachs & Allied Diseases Association is to lead the fight to treat and cure Tay-Sachs, Canavan and related genetic diseases and to support affected families and individuals in leading fuller lives.
Bienvenue sur le site du Conseil national et des Conseils provinciaux de l'Ordre des médecins Welkom op de website van de Nationale Raad en de provinciale raden van de Orde van geneesheren
The European Association of Health Law (EAHL) aims to strengthen the health and human rights interface throughout Europe, and to serve as an indispensable source of advice and guidance for the future of health law and policies in Europe. The guiding principle of the EAHL is the achievement of academic excellence and the improvement of health law practice. Its overarching purpose is to bring together health lawyers from around the Council of Europe to discuss and collaborate on issues of importance in the development of health law and policies.
The Irish Council for Bioethics was established in 2002 as an independent, autonomous body to consider the ethical issues raised by developments in science and medicine.
The setting up of the National Bioethics Committee followed resolution no. 6-00038 approved on 5 July 1988 in which the Chamber of Deputies, among other things, committed the Government to promoting an international level comparison on the state of the art of biomedical research and genetic engineering which might serve as a valid point of reference for future choices in which the progress of science can be reconciled with the respect for human freedom and dignity
La Commission Consultative Nationale d'Ethique pour les sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (C.N.E.) fut mise en place par le gouvernement à la date du 9 septembre 1988. Elle ne put faire débuter toutefois ses travaux qu'en 1989. C'est en s'orientant sur cette date que la Commission a commémoré son quinzième anniversaire en novembre 2004. La Commission Nationale d'Ethique se compose de 15 membres, dont un président et un vice-président. Selon ses statuts, les membres sont nommées par le Gouvernement pour des mandats renouvelables de cinq ans. La mission de la Commission Nationale d'Ethique consiste notamment à étudier, soit de sa propre initiative, soit à la demande du Gouvernement, les aspects éthiques tant des problèmes divers, soulevés dans le domaine des sciences de la vie et de la santé que des solutions et des moyens à mettre en oeuvre.
Exit International is the world's leading Voluntary Euthanasia & Assisted Suicide information and advocacy organisation. A registered non-profit organisation, Exit was founded in 1997 by Philip Nitschke. In 1996, Dr Nitschke became the first physician to administer a legal, lethal voluntary injection, under the world's first right to die law - the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act of the Northern Territory of Australia.
The aim of this guideline is to inform health and social care professionals on how best to manage advance care planning (ACP) in clinical practice. At the core of current health and social care are efforts to maximise individuals’ autonomy, promote patient-centred care, offer choice and the right to decide one’s own treatment or care. This can be difficult to achieve when an individual has lost capacity – the ability to make their own, informed decision. ACP is one method of enhancing autonomy, not only where an individual has lost capacity, but also by focussing discussion on the individual’s values and preferences throughout the time they are in contact with health or social care professionals. Whilst ACP has been used for some time in North America, there has been relatively little experience in the use of ACP in the UK. This set of concise evidence-based guidelines has therefore been prepared to guide practitioners.
Aims: This guidance relating to the management of the birth of extremely preterm babies (at less than 26 weeks of gestation) is aimed at both parents and healthcare professionals. It addresses communication before delivery, management recommendations, neonatal resuscitation and ethical considerations. Intended audience: Obstetricians, healthcare professionals working in maternity settings, parents of preterm babies. Publication history information: Published online 06 October 2008.
BAUDOUIN, Jean-Louis, Patrick A. Molinari, in cooperation with Michèle Rivet, Burleigh Trevor-Deutsch, Derek J. Jones and Jean-François Brault, Toward a Canadian Advisory Council on Biomedical Ethics: A Study Paper prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, Ottawa: Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1990, viii, 57 p. (series; Protection of Life Series; Study Papers), ISBN: 0662578309
Subsequent to an intensive three-year period of reflection, the CMQ is revealing its perspective and conclusions today regarding end-of-life care and euthanasia. The CMQ embraces the point of view of the patient who is confronting imminent and inevitable death. In such a situation, the patient looks to their physician and generally requests that they be able to die without undue suffering and with dignity. Neither surveys, nor attorneys, nor politicians can properly advise the physician and the patient facing this situation. In the majority of cases, the patient and their doctor find the appropriate analgesia that respects the ethical obligation of physicians not to preserve life at any cost, but rather, when the death of a patient appears to be inevitable, to act so that it occurs with dignity and to ensure that the patient obtains the appropriate support and relief.
The British Medical Association and the General Medical Council have already made it abundantly clear that they want no part in voluntary euthanasia becoming a clinical practice. Now the estimable Royal College of Physicians, the professional body representing over 20,000 physicians that “aims to improve the quality of patient care by continually raising medical standards”, has weighed in with a strongly worded letter to the DPP. “We would go so far as to say”, writes the College’s Registrar, Dr Rodney Burnham, “that any clinician who has been part, in any way, of assisting a suicide death should be subject to prosecution.” Dr Burnham continues: “The trust afforded doctors and nurses in particular gives their views considerable weight with their patients and the public. Clinicians’ duties of care entail active pursuit of alternative solutions to assisted suicide, not its facilitation.”
Guideline for Palliative Sedation Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) Committee on National Guideline for Palliative Sedation Utrecht, The Netherlands Januari 2009
A leading doctors’ organisation has today warned that doctors face a greater risk of prosecution for assisting a patient’s suicide following the publication of the DPP’s final Policy for Prosecutors in Respect of Cases of Encouraging or Assisting Suicide. The Medical Protection Society (MPS) – which provides indemnity, legal and professional support to around half of all doctors in the UK – said that the new policy sends a clear signal that prosecutions are more likely to be brought against healthcare professionals in circumstances where they might have assisted a patient’s suicide. The organisation warned doctors to be extremely cautious when providing help or advice to patients who are considering assisted suicide.
The MDU has grave concerns about how the new policy* on whether or not to prosecute the offence of assisted suicide, will be applied to doctors. “The MDU’s advice to its members remains that doctors approached by patients for advice about suicide should not engage in discussion which assists the patient to that end. Members who are faced with requests for help from patients, including for example the provision of medical reports, should contact us for advice.”
Cash incentives and the payment of funeral expenses are two ideas being put forward to encourage people to donate human organs and tissue. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics is asking the public if it is ethical to use financial incentives to increase donations of organs, eggs and sperm. Paying for most types of organs and tissue is illegal in the UK. The public consultation will last 12 weeks and the council's findings will be published in autumn 2011.
We provide our bodies or parts of our bodies for medical research or for the treatment of others in a number of ways and for a variety of reasons. However, there is a shortage of bodily material for many of these purposes in the UK. What should be done about it? The Council has set up a Working Party, chaired by Professor Dame Marilyn Strathern, to explore the ethical issues raised by the provision of bodily material for medical treatment and research. Questions to be considered include: * what motivates people to provide bodily material and what inducements or incentives are appropriate? * what constitutes valid consent? * what future ownership or control people should have over donated materials? * are there ethical limits on how we try to meet demand?
The GMC has responded to the consultation documents from the Directors of Public Prosecution for England and Wales and for Northern Ireland, explaining why the GMC does not take a position on assisted suicide.
The BMA has long advised doctors - for moral as well as legal reasons - to avoid actions that might be interpreted as assisting, facilitating or encouraging a suicide attempt. This means not giving patients advice on what constitutes a fatal dose or on anti-emetics in relation to a planned overdose, not suggesting the option of suicide abroad nor writing medical reports specifically to facilitate assisted dying abroad, nor on any other aspects of planning a suicide.
The Galton Institute exists to promote the public understanding of human heredity and to facilitate informed debate about the ethical issues raised by advances in reproductive technology. It also publishes studies in the historical development of these topics. The Institute is a registered charity and does not seek to advocate particular applications of scientific understanding or reproductive technology, only to ensure that those taking decisions do so in the light of all relevant facts and after consideration of all relevant issues. A fuller statement of the Institute's objectives is available elsewhere on this site.
The Society for Old Age Rational Suicide was established in Brighton and Hove, by several right-to-die activists and humanists, in 2009. Presently, the main objective of SOARS is to begin a campaign to get the law eventually changed in the UK so that very elderly, mentally competent individuals, who are suffering unbearably from various health problems (although none of them is “terminal”) are allowed to receive a doctor’s assistance to die, if this is their persistent choice. Surely the decision to decide, at an advanced age, that enough is enough and, avoiding further suffering, to have a dignified death is the ultimate human right for a very elderly person. Although there is much public support for this to become lawful in the UK, it is unlikely that Parliament (either at Westminster or in Edinburgh) will change the law, to help those who are terminally ill, for at least five to ten years.
In February 2010 the NVVE, Right-to-Die Netherlands, supported by other social organizations, started the campaign Completed Life. Interrupting this societal debate again shouldn’t be allowed. The NVVE is of the opinion that the elderly should be allowed to make a well thought-through choice at the end of their lives and that such a choice will be entirely up to them. Of course, people are not forced to make use of assisted suicide, but they should be at liberty to resort to such, if they wish to. When human suffering can be avoided, the NVVE is of the opinion that access to assistance shouldn’t be withheld. Obviously, under all circumstances all forms of due-care should be practiced.
A public policy think tank, which aims to promote “rational, evidence-based and measured debate” on the subject of assisted dying, has been launched by two members of the House of Lords. Lord Alex Carlile and Baroness Ilora Finlay, co-chairs of Living and Dying Well, have both fervently opposed any change in the law on this issue. Their new organisation is neither “neutral” nor “a campaigning pressure group,” instead, they want to present “hard evidence” to parliament and the public in an objective and informative manner.
This End of life guidance covers three main issues: contemporaneous and advance refusal of treatment; withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging medical treatment; assisted dying - euthanasia and assisted suicide.
UK doctors have set up a new group for health professionals to challenge the BMA and a number of royal colleges in their stance against assisted dying for terminally ill people and to push for a change in the law. The group, called Dignity in Dying: Healthcare Professionals for Change, was set up by Ann McPherson, who is dying of pancreatic cancer, after an article she wrote in the BMJ last year generated interest in giving people who are dying the option of help to end their lives when they chose (BMJ 2009;339:b2827 doi:10.1136/bmj.b2827). Dr McPherson, who is a fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said she wants the royal colleges to have a more informed debate about assisted suicide.
The Monday Interview: A growing number of medical professionals are supporting the idea of assisted dying. Dr Ann McPherson – who herself has only months to live – tells Jeremy Laurance why
O. Boissier, R. Bordini, J. Hübner, A. Ricci, и A. Santi. Science of Computer Programming, 78 (6):
747 - 761(2013)Special section: The Programming Languages track at the 26th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2011) & Special section on Agent-oriented Design Methods and Programming Techniques for Distributed Computing in Dynamic and Complex Environments.