The topic of this lecture is causality - namely, our awareness of what causes what in the world and why it matters. Though it is basic to human thought, Causality is a notion shrouded in mystery, controversy, and caution, because scientists and philosophers have had difficulties defining when one event TRULY CAUSES another. We all understand that the rooster's crow does not cause the sun to rise, but even this simple fact cannot easily be translated into a mathematical equation.
Y. Arimone, B. Bégaud, G. Miremont-Salamé, A. Fourrier-Réglat, M. Molimard, N. Moore, und F. Haramburu. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 59 (3):
308-14(März 2006)4201<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 8801383; 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations); 2004/01/13 received; 2004/10/20 revised; 2005/08/01 accepted; ppublish;<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Mesures d'associació.
T. VanderWeele, M. Hernán, und J. Robins. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 19 (5):
720-8(September 2008)5052<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>JID: 9009644; ppublish;<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Mesures d'associació.
K. Flegal, B. Graubard, und D. Williamson. American journal of epidemiology, 160 (4):
331-8(August 2004)4391<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>LR: 20041117; PUBM: Print; JID: 7910653; ppublish;<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Risc atribuïble.
C. Hennekens, und D. DeMets. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 305 (11):
1134-5(März 2011)JID: 7501160; ppublish;<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>
<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Causalitat; Introductori.
J. Bailar, und A. Bailer. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 164 (4):
503-6(Februar 2001)2835<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Avaluació de riscs.
V. Prasad, und A. Jena. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 309 (3):
241-2(Januar 2013)Mesures d'associació; Observacionals; Controls negatius.