By Molly Diesing (unpublished?)
"Author Molly Diesing investigates the syntactic and semantic conditions on the expression of spell targets in spells, including cases of explicit mention, deictic wand pointing, noun incorporation, and complete object drop. She then considers whether spells themselves are imperatives or performatives, and, if the latter, what happens when you violate their felicity conditions.
Dr. Diesing will develop this investigation in collaboration with Sally McConnell-Ginet ..."
http://heideas.blogspot.com/2007/09/w-type-pronouns-dragon-heartstring-and.html
“Have you got any cash on you?”
where the speaker really wants the hearer to understand the meaning:
“Can you lend me some money? I don't have much on me.”
The conversational implicature is a message that is not found in the plain sense of the sentence. The speaker implies it. The hearer is able to infer (work out, read between the lines) this message in the utterance, by appealing to the rules governing successful conversational interaction. Grice proposed that implicatures like the second sentence can be calculated from the first, by understanding three things:
* The usual linguistic meaning of what is said.
* Contextual information (shared or general knowledge).
* The assumption that the speaker is obeying what Grice calls the cooperative principle.
E. Smirnova, и K. Balog. Proceedings of the 33rd European conference on Advances in information retrieval, стр. 580--592. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, (2011)
D. Helic, и M. Strohmaier. Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, стр. 525--534. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2011)
D. Helic, и M. Strohmaier. Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, стр. 525--534. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2011)