Dopamine transmission is involved in reward processing and motor control, and its impairment plays a central role in numerous neurological disorders. Despite its strong pathophysiological relevance, the molecular and structural organization of the dopaminergic synapse remains to be established. Here, we used targeted labelling and fluorescence activated sorting to purify striatal dopaminergic synaptosomes. We provide the proteome of dopaminergic synapses with 57 proteins specifically enriched. Beyond canonical markers of dopamine neurotransmission such as dopamine biosynthetic enzymes and cognate receptors, we validated 6 proteins not previously described as enriched. Moreover, our data reveal the adhesion of dopaminergic synapses to glutamatergic, GABAergic or cholinergic synapses in structures we named “dopamine hub synapses”. At glutamatergic synapses, pre- and postsynaptic markers are significantly increased upon association with dopamine synapses. Dopamine hub synapses may thus support local dopaminergic signalling, complementing volume transmission thought to be the major mechanism by which monoamines modulate network activity. The neurotransmitter dopamine is an important regulator of brain function. Here the authors describe “dopamine hub synapses”, where dopamine transmission may act in synergy with other neurotransmitters.
Hardware performance monitoring counters have recently received a lot of attention. They have been used by diverse communities to understand and improve the quality of computing systems: for example, architects use them to extract application characteristics and propose new hardware mechanisms; compiler writers study how generated code behaves on particular hardware; software developers identify critical regions of their applications and evaluate design choices to select the best performing implementation. In this paper, we propose that counters be used by all categories of users, in particular non-experts, and we advocate that a few simple metrics derived from these counters are relevant and useful. For example, a low IPC (number of executed instructions per cycle) indicates that the hardware is not performing at its best; a high cache miss ratio can suggest several causes, such as conflicts between processes in a multicore environment. We also introduce a new simple and flexible user-level tool that collects these data on Linux platforms, and we illustrate its practical benefits through several use cases.
Every other week I explain basics in software testing, one of them is exploratory testing. It depends from group to group, but sometimes I have only 5-10 minutes on the topic. I love challenges! But I am also aware that I am still learning myself. This is why I asked my peers during Exploratory Testing…
M. Noll, and C. Meinel. Proceedings of the 6th International Semantic Web Conference and 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference (ISWC/ASWC2007), Busan, South Korea, volume 4825 of LNCS, page 365--378. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, (November 2007)
F. Zanettin, N. Celotti, H. Jüngst, V. Rota, R. Baccolini, A. D'Arcangelo, J. Zitawi, E. Giovanni, C. Garcés, and C. Delesse. St Jerome Publishing, (2008)Contents:Federico Zanettin: "Comics in Translation: An Overview"Nadine Celotti:"The Translator of Comics as a Semiotic Investigator"Heike Elisabeth Jüngst: "Translating Manga"Valerio Rota: Äspects of Adaptation. The Translation of Comics Formats"Raffaella Baccolini & Federico Zanettin: "The Language of Trauma: ArtSpiegelman's Maus and its TranslationsÄdele D'Arcangelo : "'Slime Hero from the Swamp': the Italian Editions of AlanMoore's Horror Saga The Swamp Thing"Jehan Zitawi: "Disney comics in the Arab Culture(s). A Pragmatic Perspective"Heike Elisabeth Jüngst: "Translating Educational Comics"Federico Zanettin: "The Translation of Comics as Localization. On Three ItalianTranslations of La piste des Navajos"Elena Di Giovanni: "The Winx Club as a challenge to Globalization Translatingfrom Italy to the Rest of the World"Carmen Valero Garcés: Önomatopoeia and unarticulated Language in theTranslation of Comic Books. The Case of Comics in Spanish"Catherine Delesse: "Proper Names, Onomastic Puns and Spoonerisms: Some aspectsof the Translation of the Astérix and Tintin Comic Series, with SpecialReference to English"Federico Zanettin: Comics in Translation. An Annotated Bibliography.
P. Cimiano, J. Völker, and R. Studer. Information, Wissenschaft und Praxis, 57 (6-7):
315-320(October 2006)see the special issue for more contributions related to the Semantic Web.