Nursing education has undergone dramatic changes in the last 150 years. Rooted in a traditional apprenticeship model that consisted of training in hospital based schools, the vision of Florence Nightingale that came to fruition in 1860, this educational model where trainee nurses were supervised by physicians was adopted in many countries (McDonald 2017). Prior to this nurses were poorly trained in an ad-hoc fashion, often in religious institutions.. To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.