Abstract

Outdoor location-based services are now prevalent due to advances in mobile technology and GPS. Indoors, however, even coarse location remains unavailable. Bluetooth has been identified as a potential location technology that mobile consumer devicesalready support, easing deployment and maintenance. However, Bluetooth tracking systems to date have relied on the Bluetoothinquiry mode to constantly scan for devices. This process is very slow and can be a security and privacy risk. In this paperwe investigate an alternative: connection-based tracking. This permits tracking of a previously identified handset withina field of fixed base stations. Proximity is determined by creating and monitoring low-level Bluetooth connections that donot require authorisation. We investigate the properties of the low-level connections both theoretically and in practice,and show how to construct a building-wide tracking system based on this technique. We conclude that the technique is a viablealternative to inquiry-based Bluetooth tracking.

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