%0 Journal Article %1 AENM:AENM201601149 %A Shang, Zhengrong %A Heumueller, Thomas %A Prasanna, Rohit %A Burkhard, George F. %A Naab, Benjamin D. %A Bao, Zhenan %A McGehee, Michael D. %A Salleo, Alberto %D 2016 %J Advanced Energy Materials %K doping organic traps %P n/a--n/a %R 10.1002/aenm.201601149 %T Trade-Off between Trap Filling, Trap Creation, and Charge Recombination Results in Performance Increase at Ultralow Doping Levels in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601149 %X Doping of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has the potential to improve their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Deconvoluting the effect of doping on charge transport, recombination, and energetic disorder remains challenging. It is demonstrated that molecular doping has two competing effects: on one hand, dopant ions create additional traps while on the other hand free dopant-induced charges fill deep states possibly leading to V OC and mobility increases. It is shown that molar dopant concentrations as low as a few parts per million can improve the PCE of organic bulk heterojunctions. Higher concentrations degrade the performance of the cells. In doped cells where PCE is observed to increase, such improvement cannot be attributed to better charge transport. Instead, the V OC increase in unannealed P3HT:PCBM cells upon doping is indeed due to trap filling, while for annealed P3HT:PCBM cells the change in V OC is related to morphology changes and dopant segregation. In PCDTBT:PC70BM cells, the enhanced PCE upon doping is explained by changes in the thickness of the active layer. This study highlights the complexity of bulk doping in organic solar cells due to the generally low doping efficiency and the constraint on doping concentrations to avoid carrier recombination and adverse morphology changes.

@article{AENM:AENM201601149, abstract = {Doping of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has the potential to improve their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Deconvoluting the effect of doping on charge transport, recombination, and energetic disorder remains challenging. It is demonstrated that molecular doping has two competing effects: on one hand, dopant ions create additional traps while on the other hand free dopant-induced charges fill deep states possibly leading to V OC and mobility increases. It is shown that molar dopant concentrations as low as a few parts per million can improve the PCE of organic bulk heterojunctions. Higher concentrations degrade the performance of the cells. In doped cells where PCE is observed to increase, such improvement cannot be attributed to better charge transport. Instead, the V OC increase in unannealed P3HT:PCBM cells upon doping is indeed due to trap filling, while for annealed P3HT:PCBM cells the change in V OC is related to morphology changes and dopant segregation. In PCDTBT:PC70BM cells, the enhanced PCE upon doping is explained by changes in the thickness of the active layer. This study highlights the complexity of bulk doping in organic solar cells due to the generally low doping efficiency and the constraint on doping concentrations to avoid carrier recombination and adverse morphology changes.}, added-at = {2016-09-09T13:52:56.000+0200}, author = {Shang, Zhengrong and Heumueller, Thomas and Prasanna, Rohit and Burkhard, George F. and Naab, Benjamin D. and Bao, Zhenan and McGehee, Michael D. and Salleo, Alberto}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2123eca1f0545a124beee04bc974ff398/bretschneider_m}, description = {Trade-Off between Trap Filling, Trap Creation, and Charge Recombination Results in Performance Increase at Ultralow Doping Levels in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells - Shang - 2016 - Advanced Energy Materials - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/aenm.201601149}, interhash = {512f735483f0b7b52e05fc114e1f382c}, intrahash = {123eca1f0545a124beee04bc974ff398}, issn = {1614-6840}, journal = {Advanced Energy Materials}, keywords = {doping organic traps}, pages = {n/a--n/a}, timestamp = {2016-09-09T13:52:56.000+0200}, title = {Trade-Off between Trap Filling, Trap Creation, and Charge Recombination Results in Performance Increase at Ultralow Doping Levels in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601149}, year = 2016 }