Abstract
This study was designed to determine if the surface modification of
porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds would enhance osteogenic
precursor cell (OPC) attachment, growth, and differentiation. A covalently
grafted amino group (-NH(2)), poly(L-lysine) (PLL), and the peptide
arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) were selected for the evaluation.
The hypothesis was that surface modification would have a positive
impact on cell-substratum interactions. The experiment was performed
by OPC cells being placed on PLA films and scaffolds modified with
NH(2), PLL, or RGD in tissue culture media. OPC attachment to PLA
films was assessed after 24 h of incubation. The growth and differentiation
of the adherent OPCs on porous PLA scaffolds were assessed after
14 and 28 days for alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity and calcium
levels, both of which increase as OPCs differentiate into mature
bone cells. All assays were accomplished in triplicate, and data
were tested with post hoc orthogonal contrasts (i.e., Fisher's least
significant difference) at p < or = 0.05. The PLA film surface-modified
with RGD showed better OPC cell attachment than the other films.
The cells on the PLA scaffolds surface-modified with RGD also exhibited
an increase in APase activity and calcium levels in comparison with
those on other scaffolds. This difference was apparent at both time
intervals and was especially evident in the tissue culture media
containing an osteogenic supplement. The results of this study indicate
that modifying the surface of PLA polymer scaffolds with RGD enhances
bone cell attachment and differentiation and may improve their ability
to regenerate bone tissue more efficiently in wound models.
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