Abstract
A finite element implementation of the transient nonlinear Nernst-Planck-Poisson
(NPP) and Nernst-Planck-Poisson-modified Stern (NPPMS) models is
presented. The NPPMS model uses multipoint constraints to account
for finite ion size, resulting in realistic ion concentrations even
at high surface potential. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is used
to provide a limited check of the transient models for low surface
potential and dilute bulk solutions. The effects of the surface potential
and bulk molarity on the electric potential and ion concentrations
as functions of space and time are studied. The ability of the models
to predict realistic energy storage capacity is investigated. The
predicted energy is much more sensitive to surface potential than
to bulk solution molarity.
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