IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.
[...] the Panel was persuaded that the law in Canada [...] should be changed to allow some form of assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. Putting the philosophical analysis together with the lessons learned from [a] review of the paths taken in other jurisdictions that have moved to more permissive regimes, the Panel considered the options for the design of a permissive regime and suggests the following legal mechanisms for achieving the reform and the core elements of the proposed reform.
“The current legal status of assisted dying is inadequate and incoherent...” The Commission on Assisted Dying was set up in September 2010 to consider whether the current legal and policy approach to assisted dying in England and Wales is fit for purpose. In addition to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the legal status quo, the Commission also set out to explore the question of what a framework for assisted dying might look like, if such a system were to be implemented in the UK, and what approach to assisted dying might be most acceptable to health and social care professionals and to the general public.
The Commission on Assisted Dying, set up in September 2010 and chaired by former Lord Chancellor Charles Falconer, has issued its monumental report on assisted dying in England and Wales. The Commission was funded by two supporters of assisted suicide, author Terry Pratchett and businessman Bernard Lewis, and despite reassurances that the running and outcome of the Commission were independent, some individuals and groups opposed to the practice regrettably refused to give evidence to the Commission. Still, the range and quantity of the evidence, which included evidence gathered from international research visits, qualitative interviews and focus groups, commissioned papers, and seminars, is impressive and can be read and watched here.
This report documents changes since the ODT 2008 report. It records significant improvements that have been made to infrastructure and projected 34% increase in donation rates over 4 yrs to April 2012. The report notes, however, that even if Taskforce’s target of a 50% increase in donation rates by 2013 is achieved, people will still be dying unnecessarily while waiting for an organ. We believe that we now need to decide whether we should be satisfied that we have done all we can or whether we should seek to build on what has already been achieved by shifting our attention to additional ways of increasing number of organ donors. The report examines a range of options that have been suggested for increasing the number of donors including a system of mandated choice, reciprocity, a regulated market or paying the funeral expenses of those who sign up to the ODR and subsequently donate organs. The report also explains why we remain convinced that an opt-out system with safeguards is best.
Washington’s Death with Dignity Act allows adult residents in the state with six months (180 days) or less to live to request lethal doses of medication from physicians. In this report, a participant of the act is defined as someone to whom medication was dispensed under the terms of this law. This report focuses on the 103 participants for whom medication was dispensed between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011. It includes data from the documentation received by the Department of Health as of February 29, 2012.
This review was carried out with the aim of updating an existing systematic review conducted by the University of York in 2008. It examined the impact of ‘opt-out’ legislation on organ donation rates. This paper presents three main strands of evidence: International evidence suggests that an association exists between presumed consent legislation and increased organ donation rates; Recent surveys indicate that there is significant support for the introduction of an opt-out system for organ donation in Wales; Experimental literature provides evidence for a mechanism through which presumed consent might increase organ donation, through the influence of the default position.
This report provides a general overview of extant research involving the families of potential organ donors. Research highlights a number of potentially modifiable factors which are associated with family consent rates. Many of these relate to the approach made by medical staff to the family, such as the timing and experience of professional(s) making the donation request.
May 28, 2012 marks the 10th anniversary of the legalisation of euthanasia in Belgium, with the Netherlands following suit a year earlier¹ and Luxembourg doing the same in 2009². To date, these three Benelux countries are the only ones to have legalised the act of intentionally killing a person who makes such a request. At a time when legalisation of euthanasia is being debated in several European countries, notably in France, it would appear appropriate to take stock of the last 10 years of implementation of the law on euthanasia in Belgium.
Penser solidairement la fin de vie RAPPORT A FRANCOIS HOLLANDE PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE COMMISSION DE REFLEXION SUR LA FIN DE VIE EN FRANCE 18 décembre 2012
Le professeur Didier Sicard a remis au président de la République, François Hollande, mardi 18 décembre, le rapport de la "commission de réflexion sur la fin de vie en France". Six mois n'auront pas été de trop pour explorer les conditions de la mort et envisager si, conformément à la proposition 21 du candidat Hollande, il faut ouvrir la voie à une "assistance médicalisée pour terminer sa vie dans la dignité". Il en ressort des propositions fortes esquissant "une solution à la française" au débat sur la fin de vie. Le constat du professeur Sicard est sans appel : il faut "mieux faire droit aux attentes et espérances des citoyens à l'égard de la fin de vie". Prenant acte que la majorité des Français souhaitent être aidés médicalement pour mourir (56 % selon un sondage réalisé par la mission), il propose que la loi Leonetti soit appliquée non pas à la lettre mais dans son esprit et qu'une sédation terminale (administration d'opiacés entraînant le coma puis la mort) puisse être ...
In June 2010 we announced that we would be working together to prepare a Private Member’s Bill to allow for voluntary assisted dying for terminally ill Tasmanians. We did so at that time because we believed that there was a compelling case for law reform in this area. As we demonstrate through this Consultation Paper, the case for legalising a form of voluntary assisted dying has continued to strengthen since our announcement to develop a new Bill, and we have good reason to believe that the case in support of law reform will only continue to grow. As legislators we believe that the law in this area has not kept up with changes in medical practice, social values or the views of the vast majority of the community. It is time for change. We believe it is important and necessary for the Parliament to enact legislation that fully demonstrates the compassion we all feel for people who are suffering in extremely difficult circumstances at the end of their lives. We know of too many terrib...
Human enhancement and the future of work summarises technological advancements that could dramatically change how people work over the next decade. These technologies, such as cognitive enhancing drugs, bionic limbs and retinal implants, affect various human capacities such as memory, hearing and mobility. The report explores how, although human enhancement technologies might aid society, their use could raise serious ethical, philosophical, regulatory and economic issues that will need further consideration.
- Comment et dans quelles conditions recueillir et appliquer des directives anticipées émises par une personne en pleine santé ou à l’annonce d’une maladie grave, concernant la fin de sa vie ? - Comment rendre plus dignes les derniers moments d’un patient dont les traitements ont été interrompus à la suite d’une décision prise à la demande de la personne ou de sa famille ou par les soignants ? - Selon quelles modalités et conditions strictes permettre à un malade conscient et autonome, atteint d’une maladie grave et incurable, d’être accompagné et assisté dans sa volonté de mettre lui-même un terme à sa vie ? Le CCNE a été amené à plusieurs reprises à réfléchir sur ces questions au cours des vingt dernières années. Dans le premier avis qu’il a émis sur ce sujet, en 1991, le CCNE « désapprouvait qu'un texte législatif ou réglementaire légitime l'acte de donner la mort à un malade » (avis N°26). En 1998, il se déclarait « favorable à une discussion publique sereine sur le problème ...
New report finds half of dying Britons are not dying well At a pivotal time for end of life care in Britain the need for advance care planning is reinforced Divided in Dying, a new report from charity Compassion in Dying, finds that almost half of those who have lost someone close to them through a short or long illness, feel their loved one died badly (45%). In cases where the dying person had recorded their end of life wishes, relatives and friends are more likely to report that they had a good death (58%). Alongside recording end of life wishes (19%), better communication between the doctor and their loved one (39%), co-ordination of care (33%) and being able to die in a place of their choice (31%) were also identified as key aspects which could have improved the situation for the person who died in a bad way. Compassion in Dying surveyed over 2400 British adults who were asked to recall the experience of the last relative or close friend who died.
Lord Falconer's Assisted Dying Bill [HL Bill 24] is the fourth of its kind to come before the House of Lords in the last ten years. None of its predecessors has made progress and the last one (Lord Joffe's Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill) was rejected in May 2006. This latest bill is little different from Lord Joffe's - it seeks to license doctors to supply lethal drugs to terminally ill patients to enable them to end their lives. The bill contains no safeguards, beyond stating eligibility criteria, to govern the assessment of requests for assisted suicide. It relegates important questions such as how mental capacity and clear and settled intent are to be established to codes of practice to be drawn up after an assisted suicide law has been approved by Parliament. This is wholly inadequate for a bill, such as this, with life-or-death consequences. Parliament cannot responsibly be asked to approve such a radical piece of legislation without seeing the nature of the safegua...
25th July 2013: The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) made Advance Decisions to refuse treatment legally binding in statutory law in 2005, and Compassion in Dying has been providing free information on end of life and Advance Decision forms since 2010. A new study, which looked at in excess of 200 calls to Compassion in Dying, found that a major barrier to patients exercising choice was doctors’ failure to engage with patients about their Advance Decision and the lack of systems in place to record them. Two callers reported considering a ‘DNR tattoo’ as a way of addressing this problem. The study also found women (84% of callers) are more likely than men (16%) to make their wishes known at the end of life. Professor Sue Wilkinson, author of the report and Professor of Feminist and Health Studies in the Department of Social Sciences at Loughborough University said: “This study has led to a number of recommendations for Compassion in Dying, and more broadly for the integration of Adva...
National clinical guidelines on the care of people in a vegetative or minimally conscious state, following severe brain injury These long-awaited guidelines will be a major contribution to clinical and ethical standards of care for this group of patients, not only in the UK but internationally. For England and Wales, they provide much needed clarity on legal decision-making. You can buy a print copy of the guidelines (130 pp, £15) from our online shop, or download a free PDF below. The guidelines were developed by a panel of experts in the field, who have organised complicated and wide-ranging information into six coherent sections: 1 Defining criteria and terminology 2 Assessment, diagnosis and monitoring 3 Acute to longer-term management 4 Ethical and medico-legal issues 5 End-of-life issues 6 Service organisation and commissioning Each section is followed by a set of clear recommendations.
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M. Tanenblatt, A. Coden, and I. Sominsky. Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10), Valletta, Malta, European Language Resources Association (ELRA), (May 2010)