Abstract
Uncertainty is an attribute of information. The path-breaking work of Shannon has led to a universal acceptance of the thesis that
information is statistical in nature. Concomitantly, existing theories of uncertainty are based on probability theory. The generalized
theory of uncertainty (GTU) departs from existing theories in essential ways. First, the thesis that information is statistical in nature is
replaced by a much more general thesis that information is a generalized constraint, with statistical uncertainty being a special, albeit
important case. Equating information to a generalized constraint is the fundamental thesis of GTU. Second, bivalence is abandoned
throughout GTU, and the foundation of GTU is shifted from bivalent logic to fuzzy logic. As a consequence, in GTU everything is
or is allowed to be a matter of degree or, equivalently, fuzzy. Concomitantly, all variables are, or are allowed to be granular, with
a granule being a clump of values drawn together by a generalized constraint. And third, one of the principal objectives of GTU
is achievement of NL-capability, that is, the capability to operate on information described in natural language. NL-capability has
high importance because much of human knowledge, including knowledge about probabilities, is described in natural language.
NL-capability is the focus of attention in the present paper. The centerpiece of GTU is the concept of a generalized constraint. The
concept of a generalized constraint is motivated by the fact that most real-world constraints are elastic rather than rigid, and have a
complex structure even when simple in appearance. The paper concludes with examples of computation with uncertain information
described in natural language.
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