Longtemps l'idée d'une industrie numérique propre car « immatérielle » a dominé les esprits. Contre les géants du pétrole et de l'automobile, la Silicon Valley semblait l'alliée naturelle des politiques de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique. Cette illusion se dissipe. Une enquête conduite sur plusieurs continents révèle le coût environnemental exorbitant du secteur des hautes technologies.
This article provides an introduction to the use of altmetrics as a tool to assess research impact. In particular, it looks at the evidence behind claims that altmetrics allow the impact of research to be measured in days rather than years. Low correlations between altmetrics and article citations make it doubtful that altmetrics can reliably predict future citations. In addition, there are good reasons to qualify statements that altmetrics measure the wider impact of research on society. Librarians should be careful not to overstate the value of altmetrics when recommending their use as a complement to more traditional measures of research quality.
This paper presents a review of altmetrics or alternative metrics. This concept is defined as the creation and study of new indicators for analysing scientific and academic research activity based onWeb 2.0. The underlying premise is that variables such as mentions in blogs, numberof tweets or saves ofan articleby researchersin reference management systems, may be a valid measure of the use and impactof scientific publications. In this respect,these measuresare becoming particularly relevant, being at the centre of debate within the bibliometric community. Firstly,an explanation is given of the main platforms and indicators for this type of measurement. Subsequently,a study is undertaken of a selection of papers from the field of communication, comparing the number of citations received withtheir 2.0 indicators.The results show that the most cited articles within recent years also have significantly higher altmetric indicators. Next follows a review of the principal empirical studies undertaken, centering on the correlations between bibliometric and alternative indicators. To conclude, the main limitations of altmetrics are highlighted,alongside a reflective consideration of the role altmetrics may play in capturing the impactof research in Web 2.0 platforms.
The third-party cookie is dying, and Google is trying to create its replacement. No one should mourn the death of the cookie as we know it. For more than two decades, the third-party cookie has been the lynchpin in a shadowy, seedy, multi-billion dollar advertising-surveillance industry on the Web...
The 25 companies involved come from a broad range of sectors, including payment providers Visa and Nexi, carmakers Toyota and Mercedes and global healthcare company GlaxoSmithKline.
We need tough, bristly conversation and to cultivate tools of non-violent communication. It’s hard to hate up close, even for people who you believe are hateful. I implore you to reach out to folks with whom you disagree and ask to get on the phone.
2005: I Expressen talas det om ny "ny mjukvara", Darknet, som skall gör det möjligt att byta information anonymt och låta fildelarna vinna upphovsrättskriget en gång för alla. Jag ser att Copyriot hittade samma sak i Aftonbladet och visar hur okunnig och missvisande notisen var. Jag skall inte upprepa Rasmus Fleischers kritik utan i stället gör jag en sammanfattning av det "papper" som myntade det underbara begreppet "darknet" 2002: "The Darknet and the Future of Content Distribution" (.pdf), skrivet av fyra forskare på Microsoft. Jag kan ju avslöja att deras framtidsprediktion inte var speciellt ljus för upphovsrättsindustrin. Grundidén är att folk har information. Om de vill kopiera denna och överföra mellan sig gör de det. Det uppstår då spontana nätverk. Ett tidigt exempel är "the sneaker net", dvs transport med hjälp av gympadojjor! Man travade i vänkretsen hem till varandra med kopierade musikkasetter och videos. Medlemsskap i nätet skedde genom att...
ACM Workshop on Digital Rights Management November 18, 2002
Originally published at http://www.crypto.stanford.edu/DRM2002/prog.html
Författarna var forskare vid Microsoft (https://swartz.typepad.com/texplorer/2005/08/darknet_s_funka.html)
Abstract: We investigate the darknet – a collection of networks and technologies used to share digital content. The darknet is not a separate physical network but an application and protocol layer riding on existing networks. Examples of darknets are peer-to-peer file sharing, CD and DVD copying, and key or password sharing on email and newsgroups. The last few years have seen vast increases in the darknet’s aggregate bandwidth, reliability, usability, size of shared library, and availability of search engines. In this paper we categorize and analyze existing and future darknets, from both the technical and legal perspectives. We speculate that there will be short-term impediments to the effectiveness of the darknet as a distribution mechanism, but ultimately the darknet-genie will not be put back into the bottle. In view of this hypothesis, we examine the relevance of content protection and content distribution architectures.
How a group of often overlooked countries could hold the keys to the future of the global internet
By: Robert Morgus, Jocelyn Woolbright, Justin Sherman
Last updated on October 23rd, 2018
Council on Foreign Relations , Blog Post by Steven Feldstein November 30
Democracies should ask themselves whether forming yet another elite club of wealthy states represents the best means to counter China’s and fellow authoritarians’ digital rise.
How Should Democracies Confront China’s Digital Rise? Weighing the Merits of a T-10 Alliance. "Finally, before the United States assumes global leadership on tech policy, it needs to determine what its own orientation will be."