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These are self-reported symptoms of depression. The participants have not been clinically diagnosed as depressed.
This means it's not clear from the study if these slightly higher levels of depression symptoms had any impact on the women's daily life and wellbeing.
As working patterns and depression symptoms were measured at the same time, we do not know if the long hours were the cause of the symptoms. Many other personal, health and lifestyle factors may be involved.
This study cannot prove that cannabis use in teenagers caused depression in young adults. Depression is a complex disorder with many potential risk factors, including hereditary influence and life circumstances. Other, unmeasured factors may have contributed to the study results. For example, difficult childhood circumstances could increase both the chances of getting depression as a young adult, and of using cannabis as a teenager.
However, the study joins other research to suggest that cannabis use may be putting teenagers at risk of poor mental health.
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People should look out for signs of depression and dementia among older family members and friends over Christmas, NHS England expert Professor Alistair Burns urged today.
Problems that may have been hidden can come to the surface or be easier to spot as families or friends get together over the festive season, Prof Burns said.
Depression should not be written off as inevitable in old age and can be treated effectively. Emotional changes can also be the first indication that someone has dementia.
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Transcript and recording. "I’ll be talking a little bit about major depression—what it is, how frequently we see it in young people, signs and symptoms, and next steps if you think someone you care about may be experiencing depression."
Reports in the UK media were broadly accurate and balanced, although the headlines didn't make it clear that the study was carried out in mice, not humans.
Antidepressants are a helpful treatment for many people, but some people do have problems when they stop taking them.
The headlines that accompany this study are alarming, but not everyone who takes antidepressants has withdrawal symptoms, and not everyone gets severe symptoms.
The study suggests about half of people get symptoms, and about half of those people get severe symptoms. But the study's limitations mean we can't be sure these figures are accurate.
"Although we should be cautious about the study findings, they represent another potential reason to adopt a Mediterranean diet. We already know the diet is good for our hearts – adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle may well be good for our mood, too."
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There are reasons to be cautious about the findings, however. Many medicines have a long list of potential side effects, which doesn't mean that everyone taking them will get any or all of those side effects. Also, people taking 3 or more medicines are more likely to have a long-term condition than people taking no medicines. Having a long-term health condition is known to increase the risk of depression, regardless of any medication side effects.
Journal of Applied Psychology Vol. 103, Iss. 5, (May 2018): 537-560.
Researchers have uncovered inconsistent relations between anxiety and performance. Although the prominent view is a “dark side,” where anxiety has a negative relation with performance, a “bright side” of anxiety has also been suggested. We reconcile past findings by presenting a comprehensive multilevel, multiprocess model of workplace anxiety called the theory of workplace anxiety (TWA).. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
This study adds to the evidence that good sleep at night and activity during the day is linked to better mental health.
The big question is exactly how this link works and what "direction" it's travelling in: does poor sleep and sluggish activity during the day affect people's mental health, increasing their chances of mood disorders, or do mood disorders affect people's ability to sleep well and be active during the day?
Stress and other mental health conditions come under the spotlight during Mental Health Awareness Week.
The week runs from Monday May 14 to Sunday May 20 and is hosted by the Mental Health Foundation.
Because of the nature of the research, we can't say that exercise alone was the reason people were less likely to get depressed. Other associated factors, such as long-term illnesses, might also be involved. There are other limitations to the study, which may make the results less accurate. For example, many of the pooled studies relied on people self-reporting the amount of exercise they did, which can be prone to error.
Nevertheless, this comprehensive study adds to previous evidence suggesting exercise is not just good for reducing symptoms of depression, but may also prevent it.
This study found that anticholinergic drugs were linked with about a 10% increase in the chances of dementia. However, not all anticholinergic drugs showed this effect. People who'd taken anticholinergic antidepressants, drugs for Parkinson's disease, and drugs used for urinary incontinence were more likely to have developed dementia. Those who'd taken anticholinergic drugs for cardiovascular or gastrointestinal conditions did not have an increased risk.
This type of study cannot show that anticholinergic drugs cause dementia.