Darwinian evolution has powerfully favoured the growth of ever more diverse, excruciating, but also more adaptive varieties of psychophysical pain. Its sheer nastiness effectively spurs and punishes the living vehicles of genetic replicators.
A single protein in the brain influences arousal of despair, according to new study in mice. Brain biopsies revealed that mice trying hardest to escape shocks had highest levels of delta-FosB - which may also help humans avoid hopelessness & helplessness.
What is morphological freedom? I would view it as an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just self-ownership but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires.