Exposure to an urban environment during early life and low IQ are 2 well-established risk factors for schizophrenia. It is not known, however, how these factors might relate to one another. Data were pooled from the North Jutland regional draft board IQ assessments and the Danish Conscription Registry for men born between 1955 and 1993. Excluding those who were followed up for less than 1 year after the assessment yielded a final cohort of 153170 men of whom 578 later developed a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. We found significant effects of having an urban birth, and also experiencing an increase in urbanicity before the age of 10 years, on adult schizophrenia risk. The effect of urban birth was independent of IQ. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been hypothesized to reflect N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction. However, the mechanisms through which the NMDAR contributes to individual cognitive functions differ. To explore how NMDAR signaling relates to specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, we tested the effects of enhancing NMDAR signaling on working memory and experience-dependent plasticity using D-cycloserine (DCS). Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Social defeat has been proposed as the common mechanism underlying several well-replicated risk factors for sub-threshold psychotic experiences (PEs) identified in epidemiological research. ..... These findings support the need for community-based outreach efforts and greater police training to reduce the prevalence of this exposure, particularly in socially disadvantaged urban communities.
Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurogenetic disorder caused by loss of the paternal 15q11.2–q13 locus, due to deletion (DEL), maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD), or imprinting center defects. Individuals with mUPD have up to 60% risk of developing psychosis in early adulthood. Given the increasing evidence for white matter abnormalities in psychotic disorders, we investigated white matter microstructure in children and adolescents with PWS, with a particular emphasis on the DEL and mUPD subtypes. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Released prisoners diagnosed with psychotic disorders have elevated rates of violent reoffending risk and their exposure to adverse neighborhood environments may contribute to this risk. We identified all released sentenced prisoners in Sweden between 2003 and 2013 (n = 47226) and followed them up for a median period of 4.4 years. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
People with, and those who are developing, schizophrenia are at increased risk to engage in aggressive behavior (AGB). Some incidents lead to criminal prosecution. Most people with schizophrenia who commit crimes engage in delinquency and/or AGB prior to first episode. A large proportion of these individuals have a history of childhood conduct disorder (CD) and brain abnormalities suggestive of abnormal neural development distinctive from that of others with schizophrenia. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
A reliable body of research suggests that reducing the duration of untreated psychosis among those in their first episode results in demonstrable gains in clinical and functional outcomes. Along a similar line, growing evidence suggests that intervention in the Clinical High-Risk (CHR)/Ultra High-Risk phase of illness may be associated with positive outcomes including symptom improvement, delay of onset, and potential prevention of diagnosable psychosis. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
This article discusses motor behaviors and seeks to explain how research into basal ganglia, cerebellar, and cortico-motor circuit function/dysfunction, grounded in brain circuit-motor behavior relationships, can elucidate our understanding of pathophysiology, provide vital links to other key systems of interest, significantly improve identification and classification, and drive development of targeted individualized treatments. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Motor abnormalities are frequently observed in schizophrenia and structural alterations of the motor system have been reported. The association of aberrant motor network function, however, has not been tested. We hypothesized that abnormal functional connectivity would be related to the degree of motor abnormalities in schizophrenia. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
People who hear voices may benefit from keeping a diary to record their experiences.
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People with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are being offered animal therapy with dogs, rabbits and even rats at North Manchester General Hospital.
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Patients with schizophrenia have a high prevalence of diabetes, but data on diabetes care quality for these patients are limited. This nationwide study compared the quality of diabetes care among individuals with and without schizophrenia and identified predictors of care quality. Login at top right hand side of page using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text.
While the findings suggest genes do play an important role in schizophrenia, this is only an estimate and the true picture is likely to be more complicated. Environmental factors clearly still have an influence on whether the person actually develops schizophrenia.
Nonadherence to antipsychotic treatment increases the likelihood of relapse and progressive symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia. Atypical long-acting injectables, including paliperidone palmitate (PP), may increase adherence and improve symptoms. This study compared and assessed predictors of treatment patterns and symptom remission among schizophrenia patients treated with PP versus atypical oral antipsychotic therapy (OAT) in community behavioral health organizations (CBHOs). [Janssen Scientific]
Neuropsychology31.7 (Oct 2017): 778-786.
Objective: Cognitive impairment is prevalent and related to functional outcome in schizophrenia, but a significant minority of the patient population overlaps with healthy controls on many performance measures, including declarative-verbal-memory tasks. In this study, we assessed the validity, clinical, and functional implications of normal-range (NR), verbal-declarative memory in schizophrenia. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
The findings provide new insights into the common genetic basis underlying schizophrenia and cognitive function, suggesting novel molecular genetic mechanisms. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
MicroRNAs are short, non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. Here, we investigate the role of microRNAs in depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To read the full article, log in using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology85.10 (Oct 2017): 937-949.
Objective: People dealing with serious mental illness frequently report turning to religion to help cope with the disorder. However, little is known about how religion impacts commitment to psychotherapy programs for people with schizophrenia and their caregivers. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
The aim was to quantify caregiver distress among informal caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and identify its correlates. Login at top right hand side of page using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text.