arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for 2,299,453 scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics.
Global emissions scenarios play a critical role in the assessment of strategies to mitigate climate change. The current scenarios, however, are criticized because they feature strategies with pronounced overshoot of the global temperature goal, requiring a long-term repair phase to draw temperatures down again through net-negative emissions. Some impacts might not be reversible. Hence, we explore a new set of net-zero CO2 emissions scenarios with limited overshoot. We show that upfront investments are needed in the near term for limiting temperature overshoot but that these would bring long-term economic gains. Our study further identifies alternative configurations of net-zero CO2 emissions systems and the roles of different sectors and regions for balancing sources and sinks. Even without net-negative emissions, CO2 removal is important for accelerating near-term reductions and for providing an anthropogenic sink that can offset the residual emissions in sectors that are hard to abate. Current emissions scenarios include pathways that overshoot the temperature goals set out in the Paris Agreement and rely on future net negative emissions. Limiting overshoot would require near-term investment but would result in longer-term economic benefit.
Five female economists are revolutionizing their field by questioning the meaning of everything from ‘value,’ and ‘debt,’ to ‘growth’ and ‘GDP.’ They are united in one thing: their amazement at the way economics has been defined and debated to date. And they're suggesting some alternatives.
Every minute, South Korea's household debt rises by US$90 thousand dollars. Every 12 minutes, a Korean is declared bankrupt. Ordinary households now owe some...
Women, Business and the Law (WBL) is a World Bank Group project that collects data on gender inequality in the law. The dataset diagnoses legal barriers limiting women's full economic participation and encourages policymakers to reform discriminatory laws.
Lots of tech projects these days, especially crypto-networks, aspire to decentralization. Or their evangelists say they do, because they feel they need to. Decentralization is the new disruption—the…
What is the centralization that decentralized Web advocates are reacting against? Clearly, it is the domination of the Web by the FANG (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google) and a few other large companies such as the cable oligopoly. These companies came to dominate the Web for economic not technological reasons.
As floods threaten the livelihoods of Thailand's rubber farmers, global tyremakers are turning to innovative sources of the material — including dandelions
Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou generated an eighth of national output last year, fuelling concerns the government isn’t spreading out resources
I am fascinated by technology and its application to data analysis in finance, especially investing. Below is a compiled list of freely available academic papers published in 2017 on deep learning…
The current edition of the OECD’s Education at a Glance, published on 13 September, noted that in 2014, only 28 per cent of the financing of all tertiary education in UK was from public sources, with 72 per cent from private sources, mostly from students. This was the lowest share of public financing in all 33 OECD countries for which figures were available. (WonkHE)
"The Teaching Excellence Framework is best understood then as an effort to create a proxy signal to indicate quality to potential students and rival institutions through its gold, silver and bronze badges."
Social Europe (SE) is a leading digital media publisher. We use the values of ‘Social Europe’ as a viewpoint to examine issues in politics, economy and employment & labour and are committed to publishing cutting-edge thinking and new ideas from the most thought-provoking people.
The ESRI produces research that contributes to understanding economic and social change and that informs public policymaking and civil society in Ireland and throughout the European Union
A multi-disciplinary source providing official statistics produced by countries and compiled by the United Nations data system. The resource also includes estimates and projections. Areas of coverage are: agriculture, employment, education, energy, environment, health, human development, industry, information and communication technology, national accounts, population, refugees, trade and tourism. Indicators such as Millennium Development Goals are also part of the collection.
The most recent World Bank estimates of total population, gross domestic product (GDP), and gross national income (GNI). The tables include a ranking of countries both by total size and in per capita terms
Provides data on 256 socio-economic variables under 17 categories for the 57 Organisation of the Islamic Conference OIC member countries dating back to 1970
An annual report from the World Trade Organisation, with statistical data in PDF and Microsoft Excel formats. This site also provides acces to selected historical time-series data
An established reference source, Social Trends draws together social and economic data from a wide range of government departments and other organisations; it paints a broad picture of UK society today, and how it has been changing.
a national data service providing access and support for an extensive range of key economic and social data, both quantitative and qualitative, spanning many disciplines and themes
Provides access to a range of information on over 140 countries including economic forecasts, guides to doing business, labour market reports and information on the tax climate in each jurisdiction
The Economic History Society exists to support research and teaching in economic and social history, broadly defined. It does this through publications, including the Economic History Review and a range of textbooks and study packs, through conferences and workshops, through the finance of research fellowships and research grants, and through bursaries and prizes for younger scholars.
BREAD are unpublished academic papers, on topics that are of interest to development economists, defined loosely as the analysis of the economics of developing countries.
Enterprise Ireland is the government organisation responsible for the development and growth of Irish enterprises in world markets. We work in partnership with Irish enterprises to help them start, grow, innovate and win export sales on global markets
The aims of the new association were described in the initial invitations to potential members as “contributing to the development and application of economics in Ireland, improving communication between economists in Ireland and sponsoring co-operation between the Irish and the international economics community
The ultimate purpose of all of the Levy Institute's research and activities is to serve the wider policymaking community in the United States and the rest of the world by enabling scholars and leaders in business, labor, and government to work together on problems of common interest.
The goal of this blog is to make economics accessible, through graphs and pictures from economic websites, for anyone who is interested in the latest economic developments around the world.
The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas.
The Institute for New Economic Thinking was created to broaden and accelerate the development of new economic thinking that can lead to solutions for the great challenges of the 21st century
List of useful sources of information for individual countries, including country profiles, reports, and studies available from the US government, international and inter-governmental organisations, as well as commercial and multinational firms
A portal presenting a selection of Open Access search tools, examples of Open Access repositories, the latest news on Open Access, and lists the latest Economics articles by topic
Statistics is an inherent part of UNCTAD. Being the United Nations' focal point for the integrated treatment of trade and development and the interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development, UNCTAD compiles, validates and processes a wide range of data collected from national and international sources. Most of the time series cover long periods, with some dating back to 1948, for almost all economies of the world.
PWT is a database with information on relative levels of income, output, inputs and productivity, with country and period coverage depending on the release. On these pages you find access to several releases of this data set, as well as documentation.
M. Berger, M. Mamdani, D. Atkins, and M. Johnson. Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 12 (8):
1044-52(November 2009)5730<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>JID: 100883818; 0 (Prescription Drugs); CIN: Value Health. 2009 Nov;12(8):1042-3. PMID: 19818061; 2009/09/29 aheadofprint; ppublish;<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>CER.
Shiva, and Vijayakumar. IJIRIS:: International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security, Volume VI (Issue I):
01-14(January 2019)1. Aleksander. I and Dunmall. B, Axioms and Tests for the Presence of Minimal Consciousness in Agents, 2. Antonio Casella and Giuseppe Giuliani, Scientific thought and commonsense, presented at the “Conference Science as Culture” Como-Pavia, 15-19 September1999. Available at:http://fisicavolta.unipv.it/percorsi/philosophy.asp , accessed on 08/08/2 3. Barry Smith, D.W. Smith, Commonsense, Cambridge University Press, P 394-437, 1995. 4. Gordon, A. and Hobbs, J. A Commonsense Theory of Mind-Body Interaction. AAAI Spring Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning, Stanford University, March 21-23, 2011. 5. Hobbs, J. R. and Gordon, A. S, Toward a large scale formal theory of commonsense psychology for metacognition. In Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Metacognition in Computation, pages 49–54, Stanford, CA. ACM, 2005. 6. Hugo Liu and Push Singh, ConceptNet: a practical commonsense reasoning toolkit. BT Technology Journal, 22(4):211-226. Elaborates on ConceptNet, 2004. 7. John McCarthy, `Programs with Commonsense'', in Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London1959, Reprinted in McCarthy, 1990. 8. Minsky M, The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind. Simon & Schuster, New York, 2006. 9. Shylaja. K.R, Dr. M.V.Vijaykumar, Dr. E.V. Prasad & Darryl. N. Davis, “Cognitive Architecture for evolving conscious actions into commonsense actions on Agents” presented at WCECS-2013, San Francisco, California, USA, October 2013. 10. Shylaja. K.R, Dr. M.V.Vijaykumar, Dr. E.V. Prasad & Darryl. N. Davis, “Consciousness and Commonsense Critics in Cognitive Architecture: Case study of Society of Mind Cognitive Architecture”, accepted by IJALR for upcoming edition, 2012. 11. Singh P, EM-ONE: Architecture for Reflective Commonsense Thinking, PhD Thesis, 2005. Available at http://web.media.mit.edu/~pus. 12. Singh, Barbara Barry, and Hugo Liu, Teaching machines about everyday life. BT Technology Journal, 22(4):227-240. Reviews several commonsense reasoning systems we are building at the lab--ConceptNet, LifeNet, and StoryNet, 2004. 13. Singh, Marvin Minsky, and Ian Eslick , Computing commonsense, BT Technology Journal, 22(4):201-210, 2004. 14. Vijayakumar. M.V. and D.N. Davis, Soft Artificial Life, Artificial Agents and Artificial Economics, International Journal, 2009. 15. Vijayakumar. M.V. and D.N. Davis, Design of Micro-agents based on the Artificial Economics, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI’09) USA, ,2009. 16. M. A. Montes de Oca, T. Stutzle, M. Birattari, M. Dorigo, "Frankenstein's PSO: A composite particle swarm optimization algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1120-1132, Oct. 2009. 17. C. Weineng, Z. Jun, C. Henry S.H., Z. Wenliang, W. Weigang, S. Yuhui, Ä novel set-based particle swarmoptimization method for discrete optimization problems," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 278-300, Apr. 2010. 18. M. R. AIRashidi, M. E. El-Hawary, Ä survey of particle swarm optimization applications in electric power systems," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 913-918, Aug. 2009. 19. Beni.G, Wang.J, Swarm Intelligence in cellular robotic systems, precede NATO advanced workshop on robots & biological systems, Italy June 26-30 in 1989. 20. Winkielman&Schooler, 2011, Splitting consciousness: Unconscious, conscious, and metaconscious processes in social cognition, EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011, 22, 1–35 21. Singer, W., 2000, Phenomenal conscious ness and consciousness from a neurobiological perspective, In T. Metzinger (Ed.), Neural correlatesof consciousness: Empirical and Conceptual questions (pp. 121–138). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 22. Searle, J., 1997, The mystery of consciousness, New York: New York Review Press. 23. Robin, Schmidt, Shamantics, 2007, Conscious Studies, online book, available at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/consciousness_studied.pdf 24. M.V Vijayakumar, 2008, Society of Mind Approach to Cognition and Metacognition in a Cognitive Architecture, PhD Thesis (University of Hull, UK, 2008). 25. K.R.Shylaja, M V Vijayakumar, E V Prasad and Darryl. N Davis, 2012, Consciousness and Common Sense critics in Cognitive Architectures: Case Study of Society of Mind Cognitive Architecture, IJALR 2012. 26. Jacoby, L. L., Yonelinas, A. P., & Jennings, J. M., 1997, The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. In J. C. Cohen & J. W. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 13–48). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum..