it may no longer be enough to measure just HDL levels without determining levels of paroxonase and platelet-activating acetylhydrolase; levels of these enzymes may determine whether HDL is proinflammatory or protective. Likewise, measuring Lp(a) and small
Statins have nonlipid mechanisms that modify endothelial function, inflammatory responses, plaque stability, and thrombus formation. Benefits extend to patients with normal lipid levels due to statins' pleiotropic effects.
Statins may act on an enzyme called endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which stimulates nitric oxide production. Increased nitric oxide has anti-inflammatory and anti-clotting effects...
Overweight men and women assigned to drink fructose-sweetened beverages as 25% of their energy intake developed atherogenic lipid profiles in just two weeks; unlike glucose, fructose promotedatherogenic lioproprotein phenotypes and glucose intolerance/ins