Negative ‐self and ‐others core schemas have been implicated in the development and maintenance of psychotic experiences. One component of the self‐system is gender‐role strain (GRS; perceived discrepancy between actual self and gender‐role norms). Although the role of gender in the formation of core schemas has been underscored in social and developmental psychology literatures, GRS has not been investigated in relation to psychosis. We examined whether it might be associated with negative schemas and psychotic experiences in women consistent with the trend toward sex‐ and gender‐based analysis (SGBA) in health research.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details. SSOTP (legacy account) - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Commentary on: Chou AIW, Wang Y-C, Lin C-L, et al. Female schizophrenia patients and risk of breast cancer: a population-based cohort study. Schizophrenia Research 2017;188:165–171.
What is already known on this topic
Research into rates of breast cancer in women with schizophrenia shows conflicting results, with reports of increased, decreased and the same risk as the general population. This is despite women with schizophrenia possibly being at increased risk of breast cancer through use of antipsychotic medications, many of which increase prolactin, a hormone involved in cellular differentiation of the mammary glands. This study1 investigated rates of breast cancer in individuals with schizophrenia compared with the general population.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Commentary on: Tiihonen J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Majak M, et al. Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 29 823 patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74:686–693.
What is already known on this topic
It is essential to identify differences in efficacy and effectiveness between antipsychotic options to inform treatment decisions in schizophrenia. Presence or absence of superiority has recently been particularly controversial for clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs), triggered by contrasting positive, negative and inconsistent meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).1–4 These inconsistencies may have been largely the result of selection bias since patients enrolled in RCTs may have a less severe illness, more insight, greater adherence and an overall better prognosis.4 This selection bias may be particularly important for clozapine and LAIs, which may be most effective in treatment-resistant patients and those with greater likelihood of non-adherence-related poor outcomes.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Question Are substance use disorders, in particular cannabis use disorders, associated with conversion from schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia?
Findings In this Danish nationwide, register-based cohort study that identified 2539 participants with incident schizotypal disorder, any substance use disorder was associated with conversion to schizophrenia at a rate of 33.1%; for cannabis use disorders, the conversion rate was 58.2%. Results were statistically significant after controlling for confounders.
Meaning Universal and substance-targeted prevention efforts are needed to reduce conversion to schizophrenia in individuals with schizotypal disorder.. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Studies from Nordic and northern European countries have reported an increased risk of schizophrenia in those who are born or raised in urban settings.2 Clearly, urbanicity (usually defined as population density per square kilometer) is a proxy indicator for exposures that have not yet been identified and that are more or less prevalent in urban vs rural settings. Schizophrenia research cannot afford to ignore important clues like this, but the precise nature of the factors responsible for this association remains elusive.. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has documented group-level abnormalities in brain structure and function in individuals with severe mental disorders.1 However, the diversity of findings on localization, magnitude, and clinical sensitivity; the lack of robust associations with polygenic risk scores; and poor diagnostic classification using machine learning2 suggest that the discriminatory power of neuroimaging data alone is limited and that the individual brain patterns are highly heterogeneous. Although disappointing from a clinical point of view, this lack of direct translation of group-level findings to the individual is in line with the substantial individual patient heterogeneity in clinical and cognitive profiles.. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Prolactin-related adverse effects contribute to nonadherence and adverse health consequences, particularly in women with severe mental illness. Treating these adverse effects may improve treatment acceptability, adherence, and long-term outcomes.. MPFT staff can use the OVID link, or you can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is highly disabling and remains one of the major therapeutic challenges. Agomelatine (AGO), an agonist at melatonergic MT1/MT2 receptors and antagonist at 5-HT2C receptors, increases dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and may therefore have the potential of improving neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia.. MPFT staff can use the OVID link, or you can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Open access. A preregistered systematic review of poststroke psychosis examining clinical characteristics, prevalence, diagnostic procedures, lesion location, treatments, risk factors and outcome. Neuropsychiatric outcomes following stroke are common and severely impact quality of life. No previous reviews have focused on poststroke psychosis despite clear clinical need.
Open access. In The Lancet Psychiatry, Anthony Morrison and colleagues1 present the findings from their Focusing On Clozapine Unresponsive Symptoms (FOCUS) randomised clinical trial, in which they compared 9 months of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis with treatment as usual for patients with schizophrenia who had not responded to treatment with clozapine.
Open access. Although clozapine is the treatment of choice for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, 30–40% of patients have an insufficient response, and others are unable to tolerate it. Evidence for any augmentation strategies is scarce. We aimed to determine whether cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.
Comment. Second-generation antipsychotic medications such as aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetipaine, and risperidone are widely used for the treatment of psychotic disorders and other psychiatric conditions. Concerns have been raised as to their role in patients' mortality. In this issue of The Lancet Psychiatry, Johannes Schneider-Thoma and colleagues report on a systematic review and meta-analysis of the mortality outcomes in randomised, placebo-controlled trials of second-generation anti-psychotics.1 The authors conclude that there is no evidence that second-generation antipsychotics are associated with an overall increase in mortality when all clinical populations are considered. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Acutely occurring, life-threatening side-effects of antipsychotic drugs might contribute to the reduced life expectancy observed in patients with severe mental disorders. We aimed to assess this hypothesis by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis of deaths occurring in placebo-controlled trials of antipsychotic drugs.. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
For people with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic therapy, adjunct valproate may lead to more people having a clinically significant response and a slightly better mental state.
The presence of psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease denotes a phenotype with more rapid cognitive deterioration than in Alzheimer’s disease without psychosis. Discovery of novel pharmacotherapies that engage therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with psychosis would benefit from identifying the neurobiology of resilience to psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether alterations in the synaptic proteome were associated with resilience to psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and, if present, were independent of neuropathologic burden.. Login at top right hand side of page using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP (legacy account)- Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
A nursing student reflects on the profound effect of taking time to share a meal with a patient with schizophrenia. You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
It is important that nurses who work with individuals experiencing Serious Mental Illness (SMI) understand the assessment and management of specific communication, speech and language needs. You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
Open access. It is time that all patients with acute-onset psychosis are screened for autoimmune encephalitis, that lumbar puncture becomes a routine psychiatric investigation and that immunotherapy is available in indicated cases. We call for a culture change in the management of psychosis by psychiatry.
Commentary on : Bergman H, Walker DM, Nikolakopoulou A, et al. Systematic review of interventions for treating or preventing antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Health Technol Assess 2017;21:1-218.
What is already known on this topic
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a relatively frequent side effect of long-term use of antipsychotics and there is conflicting evidence if the incidence of TD is lower with second-generation antipsychotics (excluding clozapine), compared with first-generation antipsychotics. Until now there is no evidence-based algorithm to prevent or to treat TD.
Commentary on: Tiihonen J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Majak M, et al. Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 29 823 patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74:686–693.
What is already known on this topic
It is essential to identify differences in efficacy and effectiveness between antipsychotic options to inform treatment decisions in schizophrenia. Presence or absence of superiority has recently been particularly controversial for clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs), triggered by contrasting positive, negative and inconsistent meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).1–4 These inconsistencies may have been largely the result of selection bias since patients enrolled in RCTs may have a less severe illness, more insight, greater adherence and an overall better prognosis.4 This selection bias may be particularly important for clozapine and LAIs, which may be most effective in treatment-resistant patients and those with greater likelihood of non-adherence-related poor outcomes.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.