Modafinil induces wakefulness, but its dopamine-releasing action in the nucleus accumbens is weak and dose-dependent; no likelihood of euphoric response ('abuse potential').
...a newly published study from the University of California at Berkeley focuses on girls with the condition, showing many of the same unfortunate results. Visible symptoms of hyperactivity and restlessness largely recede during adolescence, but the girls
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate. Although effective, methylphenidate can cause serious side-effects, including suppressed appetite, growth retardation and sleep problems. A drug holiday is a deliberate interruption of pharmacotherapy for a defined period of time and for a specific clinical purpose, for example for appeasing side-effects. While some international guidelines recommend introducing drug holidays in ADHD treatment, this is not practised routinely. Our aim was to examine the views and experiences of planned drug holidays from methylphenidate with adults who have responsibility for treatment decisions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP - request a copy of the article from the library - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
To examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and (a) social functioning, (b) mental health, (c) quality of life and (d) sleep in children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison, making it imperative to identify a screening tool that can be quickly applied to efficiently detect the disorder. We explored the discrimination ability of a widely used ADHD screen, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), against a clinical diagnostic interview. A brief version of the screen was then developed in order to simplify its use in the prison context, and maximize its diagnostic properties. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Cross-cohort comparison is an established method for improving causal inference. This study compared 2 cohorts, 1 from a high-income country and another from a middle-income country, to (1) establish whether birth exposures may play a causal role in the development of childhood attention problems; and (2) identify whether confounding structures play a different role in parent-reported attention difficulties compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. Open Access Article
"Women who take paracetamol during pregnancy 'risk having a child with autism or ADHD'," the Mail Online reports. But the Spanish study it reports on provides no evidence of a direct link to either condition.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Young adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show higher substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence relative to non-ADHD controls; few longitudinal studies have examined the course of substance use with reference to conduct disorder (CD). We compared initiation and escalation of substance use at 15-month follow up in men screened positive or negative for ADHD (ADHD+ vs. ADHD-), controlling for CD presence in early adolescence. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
two recent Cochrane reviews (Storebo et al, 2015; Punja et al, 2016a) questioned the quality of the evidence from available RCTs (see also a previous Mental Elf blog by Chris Hollis on this review).
Whilst meta-analyses of interventions (such as the available ones on ADHD drugs) often include parallel RCTs, no meta-analysis so far had pooled n-of-1 trials, defined as multiple crossover trials performed in a single participant, often with randomisation and blinding. Meta-analysing data from n-of-1 trials would allow aggregating data on individual response to treatment.
Punja and colleagues (Punja et al, 2016b) performed the first meta-analysis of n-of-1 trials, focusing on psychostimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives) for ADHD, for which numerous N-of-1 trials have been published.
Previous studies suggested that the presence of ADHD in children and young adolescents may affect the development of personality. Whether or not the persistence of ADHD in adult life is associated with distinct personality patterns is still matter for debate. To address this issue, we compared the profiles of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) that assesses personality dimensions in 119 adults ADHD and 403 controls.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) is, with a prevalence of 5 %, a highly common childhood disorder, and has severe impact on the lives of youngsters and their families. Medication is often the treatment of choice, as it currently is most effective. However, medication has only short-term effects, treatment adherence is often low and most importantly; medication has serious side effects. Therefore, there is a need for other interventions for youngsters with ADHD. Mindfulness training is emerging as a potentially effective training for children and adolescents with ADHD. The aim of this study is to compare the (cost) effectiveness of mindfulness training to the (cost) effectiveness of methylphenidate in children with ADHD on measures of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Prenatal smoking exposure has been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is commonly associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity. The association between smoking and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD has remained understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring ADHD, and test whether the smoking-ADHD associations are stronger when ADHD is accompanied by other lifetime neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Amphetamines seem to lead to short-term improvements in symptom scores, response and academic performance in children and adolescents with ADHD. However, we are uncertain about these results as only low to very low-quality evidence is available. Rates of decreased appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were higher among participants receiving amphetamines compared with placebo, but withdrawals due to adverse effects were similar in both groups.
A recent Cochrane review assessed the efficacy of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Notwithstanding the moderate-to-large effect sizes for ADHD symptom reduction found in the meta-analysis, the authors concluded that the quality of the evidence is low and therefore the true magnitude of these effects remains uncertain.....To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
K. Henderson. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services; U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Washington, DC, (August 2008)
M. Weisskopf. (2010)http://www.talyarkoni.org/blog/2010/05/18/a-possible-link-between-pesticides-and-adhd/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+citationNeeded+%28%5Bcitation+needed%5D%29.