Open access. Depression often occurs in association with stressful events. However, people with depressive disorders may experience episodes in response to minor stressors or “out of the blue.” Similar episodes can occur in people who do not have a disorder in response to severe events. This plurality of symptom patterns, occurring as it does in the absence of precise demarcation from normality has led to controversy over how depressive disorders should be defined, how common they are, and when treatment should be offered. Much of the controversy, however, may be illusory, arising from a tendency to view depressive disorders as defects or disease processes (the “clincian’s illusion”). Avoiding the illusion involves understanding depression as a defense rather than a defect and requires consideration of aspects of signal detection theory and the associated “smoke detector” principle. This perspective may help to understand aspects of depressive disorders that are otherwise puzzling and controversial.
Open access. Bipolar and other psychiatric disorders are associated with considerably increased risk of suicidal behaviour, which may include self-poisoning with medication used to treat the disorder. Therefore, choice of medication for treatment should include consideration of toxicity, especially for patients at risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the relative toxicity of specific drugs within two drug categories, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, using large-scale databases to provide evidence that could assist clinicians in making decisions about prescribing, especially for patients at risk of suicidal behaviour.
International Journal of Stress Management Vol. 25, Iss. S1, (Dec 2018): 124-136. DOI:10.1037/str0000082
In a previous study, we developed and evaluated a pilot predeployment stress inoculation training (SIT) program designed to teach relaxation breathing skills to minimize negative mental health consequences of combat stress. This study extends the investigation of the effectiveness of a SIT program of relaxation breathing on perceived stress symptoms and other mental health outcomes in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
News. Some patients with treatment resistant depression have tried up to 12 antidepressants and waited 10 years before they are seen at specialist centres, a recent press briefing heard. The figures fall far short of targets set out in draft guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, which says that all patients who have not responded to two antidepressants should be referred to specialists. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
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Psychological Medicine; Cambridge Vol. 49, Iss. 1, (Jan 2019): 92-102. DOI:10.1017/S0033291718000557
Studies have consistently shown that subthreshold depression is associated with an increased risk of developing major depression. However, no study has yet calculated a pooled estimate that quantifies the magnitude of this risk across multiple studies.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Open access. Psychological Medicine; Cambridge Vol. 49, Iss. 1, (Jan 2019): 149-161. DOI:10.1017/S0033291718000612
Which neighbourhood factors most consistently impact on depression and anxiety remains unclear. This study examines whether objectively obtained socioeconomic, physical and social aspects of the neighbourhood in which persons live are associated with the presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders.
Psychological Medicine; Cambridge Vol. 49, Iss. 1, (Jan 2019): 49-54. DOI:10.1017/S003329171800288X
The working environment may have a significant effect on response to treatment of depression and this issue has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the scientific literature. There is evidence showing that being engaged in high-level positions can be an obstacle to the success of treatment. This article discusses the few evidence in the literature and some of the possible mechanisms involved. Specific personality attributes and difficulties in adapting to depression may delay access to care and may also reduce treatment compliance. The presence of stress in jobs that require high cognitive function and lack of social support may be elements that hinder the recovery process. Residual symptoms that impact on cognitive functions may undermine adherence to treatment and adversely affect the response. The implications of these issues are potentially relevant for clinical practice in the treatment of depression and for future research.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
To determine whether past history of depression is associated with increased rates of gestational diabetes, and whether history of gestational diabetes is associated with increased rates of postpartum depression.. To read the full article, log in using your NHS Athens details. To access full-text: click “Log in/Register” (top right hand side). Click ‘Institutional Login’ then select 'OpenAthens Federation', then ‘NHS England’. Enter your Athens details to view the article.
Depression is considered to have the highest disability burden of all conditions. Although treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a key contributor to that burden, there is little understanding of the best treatment approaches for it and specifically the effectiveness of available augmentation approaches.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is the most problematic outcome of depression in terms of functional impairment, suicidal thoughts and decline in physical health.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.
Most people with bipolar disorder spend a significant percentage of their lifetime experiencing either subsyndromal depressive symptoms or major depressive episodes, which contribute greatly to the high levels of disability and mortality associated with the disorder. Despite the importance of bipolar depression, there are only a small number of recognised treatment options available. Consecutive treatment failures can quickly exhaust these options leading to treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD). Remarkably few studies have evaluated TRBD and those available lack a comprehensive definition of multi-therapy-resistant bipolar depression (MTRBD).. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.
Implications for research and practice:
> Active pain treatment improves sleep in people with dementia and depression.
> This study paves the way for improved methods; these results should be used as the basis for further exploration of this important issue.
> Future studies should include subjective evaluation of the benefits of pain treatment on sleep and explore improvements in related areas such as day-time functioning and falls. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Treatment-resistant depression is widely defined as non-response to two ‘adequate’ courses of treatment. However, the definitions of treatment and depression are inconsistent reflecting gaps in our understanding. We argue that a failure to respond is often the result of administering inappropriate treatment, which occurs principally because of paradigm failure.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.
Commentary on Cochrane corner. The pharmacological treatment of depression is often hampered by side-effects and unsatisfactory response to treatment. Vortioxetine is one of the newest antidepressants on the market, purportedly with a different mechanism of action compared with other antidepressants. This month's Cochrane Corner review examines the evidence available for the use of vortioxetine as a first-line treatment for depression in adults. This commentary puts the Cochrane review's findings into their clinical context and revises them in view of earlier and later studies.. To read the full article, log in using your MPFT NHS OpenAthens details.
T. Itatsu, A. Nagahara, M. Hojo, A. Miyazaki, T. Murai, M. Nakajima, and S. Watanabe. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 50 (7):
713-7(January 2011)JID: 9204241; 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors); 2011/04/01 epublish; ppublish; Confusió absoluta entre cas-control i exposats-no exposats<br/><br/><br/>Tipus d'estudis.