Teenagers who use cannabis are more likely to smoke, drink in a harmful way, and take other illicit drugs in early adulthood than non-users, a study has found. Although the study was observational, researchers from the University of Bristol concluded that more should be done to reduce young people’s cannabis exposure.
Cannabis has often been cited as a “gateway” to other drug use, said the researchers, but the evidence for this has been inconsistent.
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Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13–18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years.
Open Access Article
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Anhedonia—a transdiagnostic psychopathological trait indicative of inability to experience pleasure—could lead to and result from adolescent marijuana use, yet this notion has not been tested. This study aimed to estimate the association of: (1) anhedonia at age 14 with rate of change in marijuana use over an 18-month follow-up, and (2) marijuana use at age 14 with rate of change in anhedonia over follow-up. Secondary aims were to test whether gender, baseline marijuana use history, and peer marijuana use moderated these associations. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
The authors sought to determine whether pregnancy is an intrinsic motivator for cessation of drug abuse. Login at top right hand side of page using your SSSFT NHS Athens for full text.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology85.7 (Jul 2017): 676-688.
Background: Partnerships between mental health care stakeholders provide a context for generalizable clinical research with implications for quality improvement. In the context of a partnership between an adolescent residential substance abuse disorder (SUD) treatment center and clinical researchers, stakeholders identified knowledge gaps (internal and the field broadly) with regard to patient interpersonal factors that influence working alliance and acute SUD residential treatment outcome trajectories. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Prescription opioid overdose is a leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in the US. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with clinical severity in emergency department patients with prescription opioid overdose. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Chronic alcohol use is associated with lower gray matter volume, and we recently reported that alcohol use showed negative associations with widespread gray matter (GM) volume even among young adults. The current study aimed to test the strength of association between (1) alcohol use and GM volume; (2) alcohol use and white matter (WM) integrity; (3) cannabis use and GM volume; and (4) cannabis use and WM integrity among adults and adolescents. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Examination of longitudinal relationships between childhood traumatic experiences and drug use across the life-course at the national level, with control of confounding by other forms of trauma, is needed. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of nine typologies of childhood traumas and the cumulative number experienced, correlation between traumas, and associations between individual and cumulative number of traumas with drug use during adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Probability discounting refers to the effect of outcome uncertainty on decision making. Using probability discounting, we examined the degree to which self-identified chronic pain patients (CPP) were likely to try a novel analgesic medication given increasing addiction risk. We postulated that propensity for opioid misuse, trait impulsivity, and previous opioid experience would be positively associated with likelihood of risky medication use. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Assess trends in the number, and mortality rates, of methamphetamine-related death in Australia, 2009-2015; 2. Assess the characteristics, and the cause, manner and circumstances of death; and 3. Assess the blood methamphetamine concentrations and the presence of other drugs in methamphetamine-related death. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Although they often co-occur, the longitudinal relationship between depression and substance use disorders during adolescence remains unclear. This study estimated the effects of cumulative depression during early adolescence (ages 13-15) on the likelihood of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) at age 18. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Most U.S. states have passed medical marijuana laws (MMLs), with great variation in program regulation impacting enrollment rates. We aimed to compare changes in rates of marijuana use, heavy use, and Cannabis Use Disorder across age groups while accounting for whether states enacted medicalized (highly regulated) or non-medical MML programs. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
To examine adolescent cannabis use -- both at the national and individual level -- by deconstructing it into its necessary conditions of realistic use opportunities and willingness to use the drug given such opportunities. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
In April 2015, the UK government enacted a temporary class drug order (TCDO) on ethylphenidate in response to reported harms associated with its use, in particular an outbreak of infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Lothian, Scotland. This study assesses the effect that the TCDO had on reducing the most common infections identified during the outbreak; Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Objectives To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs.
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Psychology of Addictive Behaviors30.5(Aug 2016): 607-612.
Emphasis on the negative consequences of drug use is a critical component of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) skills to regulate craving. Despite the relative success of CBT for treating substance use disorders, effective human laboratory models of CBT are lacking. Recent reports have indicated that the regulation of craving (ROC) task provides a valid model of craving regulation for nicotine, alcohol, and methamphetamine use. The present study examined ROC in an online sample of regular cocaine users (n = 44) recruited from Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors31.4 (Jun 2017): 403-414.
Motivation is an integral factor in substance use treatment and long-term recovery. However, it is unclear what role intrinsic and extrinsic motivation play across different treatment modalities. A meta-analysis (N = 84) was performed to estimate the pooled effect size of Motivational Interviewing (MI; primarily targeting intrinsic motivation) and contingency management (CM; primarily targeting extrinsic motivation) at different follow-up periods. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.