Modafinil induces wakefulness, but its dopamine-releasing action in the nucleus accumbens is weak and dose-dependent; no likelihood of euphoric response ('abuse potential').
...a newly published study from the University of California at Berkeley focuses on girls with the condition, showing many of the same unfortunate results. Visible symptoms of hyperactivity and restlessness largely recede during adolescence, but the girls
אתר הקרן המציג את רציונל, השיטות ללמידה מסוג זה המוכוונת לבעלי צרכים מיוחדים ולקויות למידה
מהאתר הפניה גם לפורטל של הקרן הכולל משאבי למידה: http://www.elearningk12.com/
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Open access. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become a major aspect of the work of child and adolescent psychiatrists and paediatricians in the UK. In Scotland, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services were required to address an increase in referral rates and changes in evidence-based medicine and guidelines without additional funding. In response to this, clinicians in Dundee have, over the past 15 years, pioneered the use of integrated psychiatric, paediatric, nursing, occupational therapy, dietetic and psychological care with the development of a clearly structured, evidence-based assessment and treatment pathway to provide effective therapy for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Psychological Assessment 28.2 (Feb 2016): 214-225.
Comprehensive assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms includes parent and teacher questionnaires. The ADHD Rating Scale–5 was developed to incorporate changes for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This study examined the fit of a correlated, 2-factor structure of ADHD (i.e., DSM–5 conceptual model) and alternative models; determined whether ADHD symptom ratings varied across teacher and child demographic characteristics; and presented normative data. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Is adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder being overdiagnosed?," by Joel Paris, V. Bhat, and B. Thombs in the 2015 issue. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP - request a copy of the article from the library - www.sssft.nhs.uk/library
Journal of Abnormal Psychology125.2 (Feb 2016): 220-232.
We tested whether conduct problems predicted young adult functioning and psychiatric symptoms among women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood, in the context of 3 potential adolescent mediators: internalizing problems, peer rejection, and school failure and disciplinary problems. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate. Although effective, methylphenidate can cause serious side-effects, including suppressed appetite, growth retardation and sleep problems. A drug holiday is a deliberate interruption of pharmacotherapy for a defined period of time and for a specific clinical purpose, for example for appeasing side-effects. While some international guidelines recommend introducing drug holidays in ADHD treatment, this is not practised routinely. Our aim was to examine the views and experiences of planned drug holidays from methylphenidate with adults who have responsibility for treatment decisions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens for full text. SSOTP - request a copy of the article from the library - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
To examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and (a) social functioning, (b) mental health, (c) quality of life and (d) sleep in children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Young adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show higher substance use disorder (SUD) prevalence relative to non-ADHD controls; few longitudinal studies have examined the course of substance use with reference to conduct disorder (CD). We compared initiation and escalation of substance use at 15-month follow up in men screened positive or negative for ADHD (ADHD+ vs. ADHD-), controlling for CD presence in early adolescence. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison, making it imperative to identify a screening tool that can be quickly applied to efficiently detect the disorder. We explored the discrimination ability of a widely used ADHD screen, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), against a clinical diagnostic interview. A brief version of the screen was then developed in order to simplify its use in the prison context, and maximize its diagnostic properties. Please contact the library to receive a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
two recent Cochrane reviews (Storebo et al, 2015; Punja et al, 2016a) questioned the quality of the evidence from available RCTs (see also a previous Mental Elf blog by Chris Hollis on this review).
Whilst meta-analyses of interventions (such as the available ones on ADHD drugs) often include parallel RCTs, no meta-analysis so far had pooled n-of-1 trials, defined as multiple crossover trials performed in a single participant, often with randomisation and blinding. Meta-analysing data from n-of-1 trials would allow aggregating data on individual response to treatment.
Punja and colleagues (Punja et al, 2016b) performed the first meta-analysis of n-of-1 trials, focusing on psychostimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives) for ADHD, for which numerous N-of-1 trials have been published.
Previous studies suggested that the presence of ADHD in children and young adolescents may affect the development of personality. Whether or not the persistence of ADHD in adult life is associated with distinct personality patterns is still matter for debate. To address this issue, we compared the profiles of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) that assesses personality dimensions in 119 adults ADHD and 403 controls.
Cross-cohort comparison is an established method for improving causal inference. This study compared 2 cohorts, 1 from a high-income country and another from a middle-income country, to (1) establish whether birth exposures may play a causal role in the development of childhood attention problems; and (2) identify whether confounding structures play a different role in parent-reported attention difficulties compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses. Open Access Article
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
"Women who take paracetamol during pregnancy 'risk having a child with autism or ADHD'," the Mail Online reports. But the Spanish study it reports on provides no evidence of a direct link to either condition.
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk of a host of negative life outcomes, including both psychiatric and health complications.1 While the psychiatric complications are well established, the question of physical health outcomes is in need of clarification.1 As obesity becomes epidemic in our society, the question of whether ADHD, with its association of impulsivity, contributes to that risk, is salient.1 ,2 Dozens of studies have looked at this question, but with seemingly disparate results.2 Quantitative meta-analyses therefore are needed to clarify this association. The present authors have been leaders in this area so their assessment of the field is of considerable interest. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details
Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) is, with a prevalence of 5 %, a highly common childhood disorder, and has severe impact on the lives of youngsters and their families. Medication is often the treatment of choice, as it currently is most effective. However, medication has only short-term effects, treatment adherence is often low and most importantly; medication has serious side effects. Therefore, there is a need for other interventions for youngsters with ADHD. Mindfulness training is emerging as a potentially effective training for children and adolescents with ADHD. The aim of this study is to compare the (cost) effectiveness of mindfulness training to the (cost) effectiveness of methylphenidate in children with ADHD on measures of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Prenatal smoking exposure has been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is commonly associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity. The association between smoking and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD has remained understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring ADHD, and test whether the smoking-ADHD associations are stronger when ADHD is accompanied by other lifetime neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Amphetamines seem to lead to short-term improvements in symptom scores, response and academic performance in children and adolescents with ADHD. However, we are uncertain about these results as only low to very low-quality evidence is available. Rates of decreased appetite, insomnia, abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were higher among participants receiving amphetamines compared with placebo, but withdrawals due to adverse effects were similar in both groups.
A recent Cochrane review assessed the efficacy of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Notwithstanding the moderate-to-large effect sizes for ADHD symptom reduction found in the meta-analysis, the authors concluded that the quality of the evidence is low and therefore the true magnitude of these effects remains uncertain.....To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Moderate exercise improves symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – this is the conclusion made following a study to explore the effects of exercise on ADHD. Login using your SSSFT NHS OpenAthens details for full text. SSOTP - You can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you requesting.
Studies evaluating caffeine intake during pregnancy and long-term outcomes, such as the child's neurobehaviour, are still scarce and their results are inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between maternal consumption of caffeine during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at the age of 11 years. Open Access Article
The gap between the oldest and youngest children in the class had a small, but significant, association with the increased use of ADHD medications. The researchers say their findings compare with those of other international studies.
It's possible the youngest children in a school year may find it harder to keep up in lessons than children almost a year older than them, and may be more likely to have problems with concentration.
But it would be a big assumption to say ADHD is being overdiagnosed and overtreated on the grounds of this study alone.
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Up to 70% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience sleep problems. We have demonstrated the efficacy of a brief behavioural intervention for children with ADHD in a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) and now aim to examine whether this intervention is effective in real-life clinical settings when delivered by paediatricians or psychologists. Open Access Article
Conclusions: Our findings show a relation between the Microsoft Kinect-based version of the CPT and ADHD symptomatology assessed through parental report. Results point out the importance of future research on the development of objective measures for the diagnosis of ADHD among children and adolescents.
Letter. SSSFT staff can use the OVID link, or you can request a copy of this article by replying to this email. Please ensure you are clear which article you are requesting.
In Reply We thank Solanto for her interest in our article1 and for providing some thoughtful ideas on how to understand these intriguing similar findings from 3 population samples that challenge the notion of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as only a child-onset neurodevelopmental disorder.2,3 Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Author's reply. We thank Susanne Bejerot and colleagues, Alison Poulton and Ralph Nanan, Trudy Dehue and colleagues, and Laura Batstra and colleagues for their thoughtful comments about our work,1 which included one technical and several theoretical points.........Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Neuropsychology31.2 (Feb 2017): 160-172.
Objective: Increasing numbers of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are attending college; however, little empirical information is available concerning the functional impairment experienced by these students. Although preliminary studies suggest that college students with ADHD are more likely to experience a variety of psychosocial and academic difficulties compared to their peers without the disorder, findings regarding neuropsychological functioning have been inconsistent with some studies reporting that college students with ADHD perform more poorly on various cognitive and neuropsychological tasks while others report no differences compared to their peers without ADHD. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
Comment. Neuroimaging has affected our understanding of psychiatric illnesses by shifting conceptualisations towards brain models of disease. However, this process has not unfolded without missteps along the way, and serious concerns about replicability continue to plague the field.1,2 From these concerns, researchers strive to find new ways to improve science, and over the years, a key takeaway point has become clear—as long as studies with small samples remain the standard, the field will continue to struggle with false positives, adding more noise to an already complex and unharmonious science. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Neuroimaging studies have shown structural alterations in several brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Through the formation of the international ENIGMA ADHD Working Group, we aimed to address weaknesses of previous imaging studies and meta-analyses, namely inadequate sample size and methodological heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate whether there are structural differences in children and adults with ADHD compared with those without this diagnosis. Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by a persistent and impairing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity and it is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions. Evidence about interventions of adults with ADHD is growing rapidly and clinicians need a reliable summary of all the best available information in order to better inform their daily practice. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.
To investigate the cognitive and behavioural phenotype in rare disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway, namely Noonan, cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC), and Costello syndromes, particularly prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Please contact the library to request a copy of this article - http://bit.ly/1Xyazai
The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is about 5% of the child population, and it carries risks for mental health, educational and personal dysfunction, antisociality and death. The diagnosis in practice is made with remarkable differences in frequency between nations. Low rates in the UK, by comparison with research estimates, suggest that the condition may often be missed in clinical practice; the reasons are considered. To read the full article, log in using your NHS OpenAthens details.